The Cause of World War I Essay - 740 Words

The Cause of World War I There is not just one reason alone why the WWI started, one moment two countries would be fighting and then straight after another country could be fighting. Europe was pretty much at each others throats from 1871 until the war started in 1914. The many long term causes were building lots of tension between the complex alliances and eventually the tension would grow so big and would only need one thing to spark off a world war. In this essay I will discuss the main long and short term causes of The Great War and what effect they had. The Triple Alliance and Triple Entente First of all, the main powers in Europe were Great Britain, France, Germany,†¦show more content†¦This was called The Scramble for Colonies and it caused disputes and tension which could soon turn into a short term cause and spark war. The Anglo-German Naval Race As Great Britain was an island it needed a large navy and only a small army, this they had. Britains navy was the strongest navy about and had been for a very long time. Britain based the strength of her navy on the Two Power Standard. This meant that Britains navy could battle and defeat any two navies in the world! On the other hand Germany wanted an empire as large as Frances or Britains so they needed to expand their trade, mainly because of expansion in war and military, and as most of her trade was done over seas she needed a large navy to protect her ships while they were travelling from country to country. With Germanys only coast being next to Britain she would need a navy as strong as The Royal Navy, if not it would be easy for Britain to trap Germany and stop all their trade causing major problems! As the naval race started both countries started to produce battleships faster than ever and Germany was sure Great Britain would not be able to keep up. But this was wrong b ecause the cost of creating these battleships for Britain was much less of there total income than in other countries. In 1906 HMS Dreadnought was launched. This was a new fastShow MoreRelatedThe Cause Of World War I966 Words   |  4 Pages World War I is known today as one of America’s worst wars in history, due to the facts because it was the First World War and well over eight million people died. World War I was between the countries of Germany, United States, Russia, France, and among many others. There are many causes of World War I, both immediate and underlying causes. Immediate causes meaning a specific short-term occurrence that is directly related to the event and essentially what created the event. The immediate cause ofRead MoreThe Causes of World War I674 Words   |  3 PagesThe Causes of World War I World War I has several causes, including four decades of conflict which led up to its actual beginning (McMeekin, 2011). Alliances between countries, nationalism, military structures and imperialism all played significant roles in the conflict, but there were more immediate origins that were also important when it came down to the decision to go to war (Barnes, 1929). During the crisis of 1914 there were decisions made and actions taken by generals and statesmen, includingRead MoreThe Causes of World War I1090 Words   |  5 Pagesterrifying wars in history broke out. One by one, starting with Germany, the nations of Europe picked up their weapons and entered a four-year period of annihilation and destruction. Germany was by all means responsible for the conditions that led to the outbreak of World War I due to their hunger for sovereignty which crippled the balance of power in Europe, their unconditional support for Austria, and the German war plan which transformed what should h ave been a local war into a horrendous world war.Read MoreThe Causes Of World War I1171 Words   |  5 PagesA Historical Analysis of the Causes of World War I (187)The initial causes of World War I can be defined through the problematic issues of late British Imperialism during the Boxer rebellion in 1900. Many Chinese citizens had become rebellious to German imperialism, which allowed Kaiser Wilhelm II to send the German East Asia Squadron to quell the uprising. This action forced the Great Powers, such as Great Britain and Russia, to also send troops to stop the rebellion. Due to the rising power ofRead MoreCauses of World War I Essay1167 Words   |  5 Pagesevents happens to be World War I, which was evoked by many different causes. The most significant and immediate causes of this catastrophe was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie. Numerous nations were involved in this war, and two examples of opposing forces are Germany and Russia. World War I was resolved to an extent with the Treaty of Versailles, but it was not entirely settled. This is clear because World War II was a result of World War I. The assassinationRead More The Causes of World War I Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesThe Causes of World War I World War I was the result of certain countries aggression towards others and by the rising nationalism of the European nations. Economic and imperial competition and fear of war triggered military alliances and an arms race, which further escalated the tension contributing to the outbreak of war. At the settlement of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the idea of nationalism was ignored to preserve the peace. Germany and Italy were dividedRead MoreEssay on The Causes of World War I860 Words   |  4 PagesThe Causes of World War I It has been suggested that naval rivalry was the main cause of World War One because, this was one of the most significant causes of tension between some of the most powerful countries in Europe. I strongly agree that this contributed to World War One but there are also several other factors that have to be considered such as the Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the First Moroccan Crisis, the Second Moroccan Crisis, the Balkan WarsRead MoreThe Underlying Cause Of World War I1436 Words   |  6 Pages Yuri Nazaire 3A- Honors Global Studies MR:Binns 05-27-16 What were the underlying causes of World War I- Research paper World War I, also known as the first World War, or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe the began on the 28th of July 1914 and lasted until the 11th of November 1918. World War I was a war that was fought between two sides with a few of the World’s greatest Nations of that time. The two sides were Triple Entente which included Britain, France, and RussiaRead MoreNationalism As A Cause Of World War I1477 Words   |  6 PagesNationalism as a Cause of World War I Matthew Moore Ms. Beck Honors World Cultures Period 3 19 May 2017 Nationalism entails the people of a nation â€Å"exalting one nation above all others and placing primary emphasis on promotion of its culture and interests as opposed to those of other nations or supranational groups.† The concept of nationalism, essentially an extremist’s angle to patriotism, fueled the actions of many countries heading into World War I. Before the war, nationalism hadRead More Cause of World War I Essay575 Words   |  3 Pages WWI Causes World War I, a war that started out locally in Europe between Austria-Hungary and Serbia that later ended up including thirty two different nations. This war has been around for almost a century and yet the causes of it are still being debated. There are many different scenarios that have been considered. Some of the key reasons that were believed to have instigated WWI were nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and an arrangement of treaties. Also the assassination of Archduke Franz

Arab Culture - Essay - 6842 Words

Introduction: This study provides an overview of Arab culture. It must be emphasized that there is no â€Å"one† Arab culture or society. The Arab world is full of rich and diverse communities, groups and cultures. Differences exist not only among countries, but within countries as well. It is impossible to talk about groups of people without generalizing. It then follows that it is hard to talk about the culture of a group without generalizing. This handbook attempts to be as accurate and specific as possible, but inevitably contains such generalizations. Treat these generalizations with caution and wariness. They do provide insight into a culture, but the accuracy and usefulness will depend on the context and specific circumstances. WHERE†¦show more content†¦In some countries, like Lebanon, Syria and Egypt, it is no imposed upon them and women are free to choose whether to wear veils. However, in other places, all women, even non-Muslims, wear veils out of fear of mistreatment by fanatics or those who pretend to be guardians of Islam. ARAB POLITICS †¢ Politically diverse forms of government in Arab world: O Parliamentary Republics in Algeria, Egypt, Lebanon, Tunisia, Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen. O Traditional monarchies in Oman, Qatar, Bahrain, Kuwait, United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia. O Jordan and Morocco are constitutional monarchies. †¢ Religion does play a role in Arab politics in many different ways: O Lebanon – Parliamentary representation is divided according to religious affiliation (Muslim, Christian, and Druze). O Jordan/Morocco King bases legitimacy on direct descent from the Prophet Mohammed, but he is not a religious leader. THE ARAB LEAGUE One of the oldest regional organizations in the world, the Arab League was founded on March 22, 1945. The objective of the Arab League is to facilitate maximum integration among the Arab countries through coordination of their activities in the political sphere as well as in the fields of economics, social services, education, communications, development, technology and industrialization. The headquarters of the Arab League is in Cairo, Egypt. Members of the league include: Algeria, Bahrain, Comoro Islands, Djibouti, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya,Show MoreRelatedOverview of the Arab Culture Essay1673 Words   |  7 PagesName of Culture Arab is not a race, but is a group of individuals that are united by their culture and history (ADC, 2014). There are many different variations commonly based on a particular individual’s country of origin such as Arab Americans. Other variations are based on their social class, the level of their education, if they live urbanely or rurally, or the time they have spent in the United States (Lipson Dubble, 2007). Most Arabs also practice Islamic religion and are Muslim. WhenRead MorePalestinian and Arab Cultures Essay465 Words   |  2 PagesPalestinian and Arab Cultures Living in a moderately Eastern society has brought my attention to the difference in culture. I live in Palestinian and have an American mother, which would show my involvement with a Western society. The flow of knowledge and the entanglement of many cultures have been presented more in our modern age. We have come to acknowledge the existence of multi–culturism. This effect of combining our knowledge about many different cultures is what hasRead MoreNursing Care for the Arab Culture Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesdiversity. A patient’s culture has a significant influence on how their health care should be provided. It is vital for nurses as health care providers to be culturally competent and knowledgeable of the patient’s culture to deliver appropriate, holistic care (Potter Perry, 2011). This paper will discuss the Arab culture and focus mainly on what to do and not to do as a nurse rendering care to an Arab patient. Keywords: culture, holistic, Arab Nursing Care for the Arab Culture In any case, providingRead MoreAmerican Stereotypes of Immigrants Essay881 Words   |  4 Pages America was widely known as a â€Å"melting pot† of sorts for many generations. The country earned its title by accepting immigrants of various cultures and molding, or melting, them into the American lifestyle. However, the â€Å"melting pot† idea of America is starting to dissipate. According to a Newsweek Poll on the public, â€Å"only 20 percent still think America is a melting pot† (Morganthau and Wolfberg, par.4). As more Americans push away immigrants and create stereotypes against said immigrantsRead MoreEssay on Racism in Disneys Aladdin993 Words   |  4 Pagesoften disregarded is the obvious depiction of careless racism towards Arabs seen in the illustrations of the characters, the statuses into which they are placed and the lyrics of the opening song near beginning of the film. Furthermore, with the movie disguising itself as innocent and wholesome, children are exposed to these stereotypes at a young age. Henry Giroux and Jack Zipes give some important information in their essays to further append on this notion. The opening song â€Å"Arabian Nights†Read MoreThe Arab nation states all share parallel cultures thus when considering Arab hospitality, we can800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Arab nation states all share parallel cultures thus when considering Arab hospitality, we can say that the ‘communities of the Middle East share a common set of cultural idioms’ (Zubaida, 2000). Nevertheless, each Arab state is still different from one another, thus Arabs from each state have their own identity and cultural practices to follow. The Arab World has always been a huge part of the food environment, even before nationalism subsisted. In the Arab world, food can be used to tell theRead MoreAnalysis of States by Edward Said1162 Words   |  5 Pages Edward Said â€Å"States† refutes the view Western journalists, writers, and scholars have created in order to represent Eastern cultures as mysterious, dangerous, unchanging, and inferior. According to Said, who was born in Jerus alem at that time Palestine, the way westerners represent eastern people impacts the way they interact with the global community. All of this adds to, Palestinians having to endure unfair challenges such as eviction, misrepresentation, and marginalization that have forced themRead MoreThe Impact Of Social Media On Arab Countries1434 Words   |  6 PagesNevertheless, despite these conflicting views the social media has contributed to a revolution in the Arab countries by developing the economic growth. This essay aims to explore and examine the use of social media in Arab countries using a discursive approach to investigate and understand the effects, risks and solutions of cultural social media in Arab countries. Nevertheless, for the purpose of this essay it is advisable to first define social media as what Scott and Jacka (2011) state as a â€Å"set of webRead MoreThe Effects of the Expansion in the Post Classical Period: the Islamic Civilization1702 Words   |  7 Pagespenin sula in tribes, known as the Bedouin tribes, due to lack of water and food. The Islamic Civilization encountered the cultures of the Europeans, Asians and Africans, and connected into these civilizations because of the spread of the Muslim religion. The Bedouin Arabs intensified cultural diffusion also through trade, migration, and warfare. The movement of the Islamic culture resulted in the dissemination of distinct cultural characteristics, ideas, and technology throughout Europe, Asia, and AfricaRead MoreWhat Is The Gulf Country Of The United Arab Emirates1369 Words   |  6 Pagesinterest of mine research topic is Gulf Country that is UAE (United Arab Emirates. In this essay I discussed about languages, religions, life style, economy and political factors as well which make my essay very useful and popular in term of my attempt. Its population is 9.27 million in 2016, with the GDP of 3.847 billion USD, these statistics shows this United Arab Emirates have an important country i n middle east. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a country on the Arabian Peninsula located on

Human Factors Analysis and Classification System

Question: Discuss about the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System. Answer: Introduction: Product information component of Therapeutic drug administration (TGA) offer health professional summarized scientific information about the safe and effective use of prescription medicine. This information provided by the pharmaceutical company and approved by TGA. Hence, this assures safe administration of prescription medicines (AGDH, 2016). TGA classifies medicines relative to the risk of the person. There are different medications and different doses of same medication are available for people with different risk consuming these medicines. This helps in consuming the optimum use of medicines with desired clinical effect and no adverse reactions of the medicine in that particular person (AGDH, 2016). Pharmacokinetics: Pharmacokinetics is the specialized branch of pharmacology in which fate of the administered medicine or substance determined in the animals or humans. In pharmacokinetics effect of body on the drug or substance studied in terms of absorption, distribution to different body parts, metabolism and excretion or elimination from the body. Pharmacokinetics determines fate of the drug from the time of entry in to the body until time of elimination from the body including metabolism of drug (Bonate, 2011). Pharmacodynamics determines the biochemical and physiological effects of the drug substance on humans, animals and microorganisms. Pharmacodynamics determines effect of drug on the body (Lilley Savoca, 2011; Maxwell, 2016). In first pass effect drug is swallowed, absorbed through the GI tract, enters hepatic portal system and liver through hepatic portal vein. In liver many drugs gets metabolized and very small fraction of drug is available to be supplied to the circulatory system and rest of the body. Enzymes playing significant role in first pass effect are gastrointestinal lumen enzymes, gut wall enzymes, bacterial enzymes and hepatic enzymes (Bullock Manias, 2011). In hepatic first pass effect most of the absorbed drug is metabolized and very less drug is available for systemic circulation. Hepatic first pass metabolism of drug results in the requirement of high oral dose and this precludes some drugs from oral consumption. Many clinically and medicinally used drugs available in the market undergo hepatic first pass effect. Hepatic first pass effect can be bypassed by administering the drug via sublingual or buccal routes. Hepatic first effect can also be avoided by using prodrug formulations (Mark owitz, 2013). Glyceryl Trinitrate 600 microgram tablets have high hepatic first effect. If it is administered through oral route, its bioavailability will be very less. When sublingual tablets kept in contact with mucous membrane underneath tongue, this tablet diffuses through mucous membrane due to the perfusion of capillaries in the connective tissue below the epithelium. As a result Glyceryl Trinitrate tablet enters venous circulation very easily, avoids hepatic first pass effect and exhibits faster action (Bullock Manias, 2011). Patient Education: Glyceryl Trinitrate tablets should be allowed to dissolve beneath the tongue and should not be swallowed in alike other tablets. Glyceryl Trinitrate produces dizziness hence patient consuming this medicine should not drive or handle machineries after its consumption. Container of Glyceryl Trinitrate tablets should not kept open, as it loses its contents through evaporation. Glyceryl Trinitrate should not be taken along with alcohol as it can exaggerate side effects of medicine (Lilley et al., 2010). Nurse: Nurse plays significant role in patient education for medication use. Nurse should administer specific medicine to the right patient and also should ask patient to identify medication. Nurse should check medication label and order of medicine. Nurse should calculate accurate dose for the medication and check from the recent drug references with other nurse. Nurse should administer drug at the correct time, with correct frequency and also nurse should ask patient timings of last dose. Nurse should document all the information regarding medication administration like time, dose and route of administration. Nurse should consider patients history and other medications for patients while administering medication to the patient. Nurse should assess whether, administered medication is exhibiting desired effect in the patient (Bullock Manias, 2011). Doctor: Doctor should accurately diagnose disease and prescribe the relevant medicine to the patient. Doctor should prescribe the optimum dose considering patients age and condition, also doctor should mention route of drug administration and frequency with which medicine should be taken. Doctor should educate patient and family members about the safe use of medication. Doctor should evaluate the effectiveness of medicine in the timely manner. Doctor should prescribe medication considering the diet, other medication and past history of patient about particular medicine to minimize adverse effects of the prescribed medication (Bullock Manias, 2011). Pharmacist: Pharmacist should educate and communicate to health care professionals about the recent advancements in the medications with more efficacies and less side effects. Pharmacist should educate health care professionals, patient and family members about the preparation and safe use of drugs. Pharmacist should dispense medicines regularly without any delay. Pharmacist should specifically monitor supply of medications in residential aged care facilities and in the home care facilities as at these places there are more chances of misuse of medications because of poor understanding of the aged people about the use of medications (Bullock Manias, 2011). Medication error occurred due to the five rights like right drug, right client, right dose, right route and right time (Bullock Manias, 2011). Right drug: If there are the two similar in appearance drugs prescribed for a particular patient, there is the possibility of administering wrong drug to the patient. This can happen due to negligence or not reading the label on the medicine. Right client: If nurse has to administer medications to two patients at the same time, there is the possibility that nurse may administer drug of one patient to another patient. This may occur due to not maintaining the proper documentation for the drug administration for individual patients. Right dose: Sometimes there is the possibility that nurse can administer very high or very less dose of medication to the particular patient. This error can occur due to error in manual calculation or error in the calculator. Right route: There is the possibility that nurse can administer sublingual tablet through oral route. This error can happen due to not maintaining the proper record of drug administration or overlook of the maintained documents. Right time: This error occurred due to the missing administration of drug at a particular time or not administering medication with prescribed frequency. This error can occur due to the work overload on the nurse and she cant focus completely on the medication administration. Nurse should immediately report to all the stakeholders of the drug administration like doctor, pharmacist and senior nursing staff and should monitor the patient keenly for the possible adverse effects, therapeutic effect and allergies due to the medication error. Also nurse should inform patient family about the incidence. Nurse should maintain all the documents related to medication error. It includes dose, route and timings of medication administration. Also document related to the deviation from the normal administration of the medication should be maintained (Bullock Manias, 2011). Person centered approach is mainly errors occurred due to individuals. It comprises of forgetfulness of individual, less attention towards medication administration, carelessness, moral weakness, negligence and carelessness. System centered errors occurred mainly due to the deficiency in the overall system. In system centered approach individuals work in adverse conditions and struggle to overcome these conditions, so that they can minimize the errors. Workplace disadvantages and failure in the organizational processes are mainly responsible for these types of errors. In person- centered approach preventive measures are used to be taken in the form of changing and minimizing undesired human behavior. In system- centered approach preventive measures used to taken in the form of changing working conditions in the organizations to minimize the individual errors. Actions to be taken to prevent individual - centered approach are change in procedure, disciplinary action against individual, legal action against individual, blaming and shaming. Action to be taken in the system - centered approach are removal of all unsuitable technologies and barriers (Reason, 2000). Each defensive layer should be considered as unbroken. However, reality is different. Same like the slices of Swiss cheese, there are many holes in the defensive player of the system or organization. These holes are prone to open, shut down and shift on their own. Presence of one hole never results in the adverse outcome or error. However, in case of presence of many holes and due to the movements these holes lined up to make path for the adverse events and are prone to accidental errors. As a result it produces adverse events in the victims. These holes are generally of two types active failures and latent conditions (Reason, 2000). Latent conditions: Medication error occurred due to the insufficient staff in the ward. As one nurse is taking care of all the patients and this leads to switching of medication from one patient to another. Inexperienced nurse could not calculate exact dose of medication based on the patient condition, hence it leads to the medication error. Due to the improper documentation of the medication, schedules for the medication administration are not available and this leads to the medication error. Active failures: This medication error can occur due to mistake of nurse to administer particular medicine to specific condition. Medication error occurred because nurse forgets to administer morning dose of the medicine. Nurse administered medicine through oral route instead of sublingual route which is desired route of administration of medication (Douglas et al., 2003). References: Australian Government Department of Health (AGDH). Therapeutic Goods Administration. Retrived from https://www.tga.gov.au/ on 16 September 2016. Bonate, P. L. (2011). Pharmacokinetics. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 3(4), 332-342. Bullock, S., Manias, E. (2011). Fundamentals of pharmacology (6th ed.). Frenchs Forest, N.S.W: Pearson. Douglas, A., Wiegmann, Shappell, S. A. (2003). A Human Error Approach to Aviation Accident Analysis: The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Lilley, L.L., Collins, S.R., Harrington, S., Snyder, J.S. (2010). Evolve Resources for Pharmacology and the Nursing Process. (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. Lilley, L. L., Savoca, D. (2011). Pharmacology and the nursing process (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby/Elsevier. Markowitz, J. S. (2013). Transforming events: Hepatic metabolism and individual variability. Clinical Therapeutics, 35(3), 202-204. Maxwell, S. R. J. (2016). Pharmacodynamics for the prescriber. Medicine (United Kingdom), 44(7), 401-406. Reason, J. (2000). Human error: models and management. British Medical Journal, 320, 76870.

Marketing reasearch Essay Example

Marketing reasearch Essay Cebu Pacific Airlines is an airline established on Ayrton Miguel G. de Leon graduated from Operation Brotherhood Montessori Center Inc. Greenhills branch (OBMCI-GH). He had no academic awards but was always active in sports; he played varsity basketball all 4 years, won a championship as a captain in his senior year. He was also active in his CAT training as a non- commissioned officer won awards in the fancy drill competition and received a medal for excellence and loyalty. He is now currently enrolled at San Beda College-Mendiola, Manila taking up BSBA Marketing and Corp Communications. He Joined the San Beda Flag Football Association (SBFFA) and took the position of External Vice President on his 2nd year before the organization was no longer active. And now he is a member of the Philppine Punishers an American Football team representing the country against other countries in the Asia Pacific. Imman B. Silvera graduated from Don Bosco High School at Mandaluyong. His hobbies are playing basketball, guitar and billiards. He enrolled at San Beda College- Mendiola, Manila in 2005 taking up BS Philosophy and later shifted to BSBA Marketing And Corporate Communications . We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing reasearch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing reasearch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing reasearch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He was also a former member of the San Beda Rowing Team. His family serves as an inspiration for him to complete his studies and to pursue his dreams. Kevin A. Villanueva graduated from our lady of perpetual succor college (high school) and got 2 awards including 1st place in Filipino quiz bee and 2nd place in Science quiz bee and became a varsity in table tennis and baseball when he was in ateneo, attended ateneo de manila university when he was in primary level. Currently enrolled at San Beda College-Mendiola, Manila taking up BSBA Marketing and Corporate Communications. August 26, 1988, and started operating on March 8, 1996. Republic Act No. 71 51, which grants franchise to Cebu Air, Inc. n August 30, 1991, Cebu Pacific was acquired wholly as a subsidiary of JG Summit Holdings, controlled by the Gokongwei Family- one of the richest Filipino-Chinese families based in the Philippines. Cebu Pacific Airlines is now headed by Lance Gokongwei, the presumptive heir of one of tne rlcnest ana one 0T tne most powerTul Duslness tycoons In tne pnlllpplnes, Jonn Gokonwei, the chairman of JG Summit Holdings. In the early years Cebu Pacific was known to be a decent airline, flying both domestic and international flights. They have flights going from Metro Manila to Metro Cebu, Metro Manila to Metro Davao, Metro Manila to Iloilo etc. Cebu Pacific also have International flights like Manila to Beijing, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan etc, all Asian countries. Cebu Pacific Air is Asias third largest low cost airline based in Pasay City, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the countrys leading carrier for domestic flights. Cebu Pacific Air has the most domestic destinations with the largest number of flights and routes, and equipped with the youngest fleet. Its main base is at Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), Manila with other hubs at Mactan-Cebu International Airport, Francisco Bangoy International Airport, and at Diosdao Macapagal International Airport. Two (2) years into business Cebu Pacific was hit with a huge controversy when their plane crashed, it happened on February 2, 1998; Cebu Pacific flight 387 (5J387), was a domestic flight coming from Ninoy Aquino international Airport Manila, was on its way to Lumbia Airport in Cagayan de Oro City in Mindanao island. Their aircraft the 31 year old Mcdonnell Douglas DC-9-32 crashed on the slopes of Mt. Sumagaya in Misamis Oriental. The crash was said to be one of the most deadly aviation accidents in Manila, Philippines killing all 104 people on board, the plane carried five (5) crew members and ninety- ine (99) mostly Filipino passengers which iincluded five (5) children and five (5) passengers from other countries from Australia, Austria, Japan, Switzerland, and Canada. There were also initial reports erroneously indicated that fifteen (15) people had survived the crash. Colonel Jacinto Ligot was the chief of the Philippine Air Force rescue team, which faced a lot of difficulties because of the deep ravines and dense vegetation on the slopes of the mountain. The pilots of the Cebu Pacific Aircraft were flying visually and not instrumentally, when their plane vanished from the radar. While the skies were clear at the airport, the mountains may have been covered by the fogs. Chief of Staff General Clemente Mariano speculated that the plane almost cleared the top of the mountain, but may have suffered a downward-draft, causing it to hit the mountain. The airplane left Manila at 0100 GMT and was scheduled to arrive at 0303 GMT in Cagayan de Oro. The plane made a stopover at Tacloban City on 0220 GMT, though sources differ about whether it was a scheduled or an unscheduled stop. The last contact was 15 minutes before the plane was due to land, with the airport tower. In that call, the pilot said he was 68 kilometers away from the airport and was starting to descend. There was no indication that the plane was in trouble. The plane crashed 45 kilometers away from the airport. This incident proved to hurt the sales on what was then a new company Cebu Pacific. Because after this incident Cebu Pacific was forced to be grounded but only after a month they continued their services after their aircrafts were re-certificated. Even when all their aircrafts were re-certified, people were still hesitant to buy trips from Cebu Pacific because of this incident. So what management and marketing had to do was find a way to bring customers back in their airplanes to prove that Cebu Pacific was once again safe. Cebu Pacific came out with its time every Juan flies what it mearns is Cebu Pacific, offers low budget flights, so that every Filipino can start going around the country or, out of the country at very affordable price compared to anyone in the market. wnat tney Tocusea on to get tnese Tllgnts so aTToraaDle, was to Tocus on getting trained pilots, crew training and expertise, fuel, aircraft maintenance, on time reliability, service, and new planes. And with that, they took out payment for newspapers, lounges, paper tickets, frequent flyer program and free meals. Cebu Pacific also partnered with SIA Engineering Company ( the number 1 aircraft maintenance provider in Asia) which guarantees expert maintenance support in all the airports Cebu Pacific flies to. On late November 2001, Cebu Pacific Air started operating international flights with a twice- daily service to Hong Kong and then March 1, 2002, Cebu Pacific Air introduced thrice-weekly flights to Seoul which proved to be really effective because of the more affordable prices Filipinos now have a hance to go out of the country at a very affordable price. Now the question is has Cebu Pacific, come back in a way that it can now be compared to other airlines in Asia or worldwide. With the conceptual and theoretical framework provided below questions that will have to be explored are: 1 . ) How will Cebu Pacific Airline Manage to stay on the top 3 of low budget airlines? 2. ) How will Cebu Pacific maintain its world class standards with it being a budget airline? 3. ) How Ccould Cebu Pacific keep in touch with their customers? 4. ) How will Cebu Pacific guarantee the safety of their customers? Figure 1: Conceptual Framework The Conceptual framework that we used was how to get customers back after crash incident happened, what we want to do is, to get the customers back and how we can get and build their trust, so that they can come back and have customer loyalty. In the airline industry service is one of the most important assets of the company, when your service quality is positive this will result to good customer satisfaction, with good customer satisfaction there is no reason for the customer not to come back for your service. But when customer satisfaction is low, the company can receive complaints nd improve on the customer needs. Brand image is also important to the company, this is because this is how your company portrays itself to the public if you dont have good brand image customers will not go to you. This is why it is important for Cebu Pacific to rebound from their crash incident because when people heard about the incident, people thought it was not a good idea to purchase flights because it was not safe. After fulfilling the customer needs the most important thing is to maintain the customer satisfaction so that the customers will come back to you. Theoretical Framework Cebu Pacific Airlines is owned by one of the biggest companies in the Philippines which is JG Summit. What Cebu Pacific has to do is maintain world class standards in service for a low budget costs solutions are: (1) Brand new planes = efficiency, planes that are hi tech have low maintenance and more fuel efficiency. Because of this, costs are reduced and savings will be seen (2) Joint Venture = Expert Inexpensive Malntenance Avlatlon Partnersnlps wltn otner engineering companies tnat will guarantee expert maintenance support to any airport that they fly to so that Expensive Maintenance will not be made (3)lmproved Website = Ticket insurance should be faster and cheaper, open 2417 websites in English, Filipino, and other languages and Electronic ticketing (4)No Paper Tickets = no paper and printing costs use only itinerary receipts that will be part of the system no need for paper printing just bring receipt with valid ids (5)Quality and Value-oriented service no need for newspapers free meals Just what matter most service, pilots, fuel, maintenance etc. and maintain its customer service. Methodology A research design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for ollecting and analysing the data. It is a strategy or blueprint that plans the action for carrying through the research project data. A research design involves a series of rational decision-making choices depending upon the various options available to the researchers. This study is descriptive in nature. It provides a description of competencies of marketing professionals in the current industry through in-depth interviews that provided first-hand information. Descriptive research provides insights into and comprehension of an issue or situation. This research design helps to determine the est research design, data collection method and selection of subjects. Types of Research Design, Correlational, Field (survey), Experimental, Qualitative, Meta- analysis. The researchers chose descriptive interview essentially in-depth interview to determine employers perspectives on how company can rebound from their bad impression. Through this method, the researchers will be able to specify each detail on how the respondent will react on the company. By using descriptive interview, it allows too study the participants in their natural setting, secondly, it maximizes the realism. The researchers chose respondents that will help in providing the information relevant for the study. The researchers will interview 15 random employers who experience to ride an airplane. Two types of interviews, unstructured and semi-structured, their usage depending on the aim of the study. Semi-structured interviews are characterized by topic guides containing major questions that are used in the same way in every interview. Semi-structured interviewing is suitable when the researcher already has some grasp of what is happening within the sample in relation to the research topic. Unstructured interviewing allows the respondent to tell their own stories in their own words, with prompting by the interviewer. Its objective is to find out what kind of things is happening rather than to determine the frequency of predetermined kinds of things that the researcher already believes can happen. Regardless 0T wnetner unstructured or seml-structurea, tne questlons posed aurlng the interview should be as open-ended as possible, in order to avoid simple answer or rehearsed aanswers. In this study, the researchers utilized a semi-structured interview. The researchers will characterized by topic guides in every interview in rder to gain standard information from respondents. It is important to build a rapport with the interviewee before starting the interview so that both sides can feel more at ease. Different ways of posing questions and using probing and prompting help to elicit more information or steer the interview. The interview involves questions that correspond to the objectives of the study. The development of the questions of the interview guide was based from the actual statement of the problem of this research paper. The process also involved examination of the theoretical framework and existing related literature to include ssential items as criteria for designing the questions in the interview guide. Prior to the interview proper, each respondent will be sent a copy of the interview guide. They will be given an ample time of ten days (10) to prepare aanswers for the actual interview. If allowed by the respondent, the researchers will video the actual interview on the actual date of appearance. Related Literature Customer loyalty to a company or to a store is very important in a business. It will increase your sales more, it will help you introduce a new product and most especially it will be your greatest adverstisment, I am talking about the word of outh. People will refer you to their friends and you will gain more customers. Cebu Pacific Airlines is an airline established on August 26, 1988, and started operating on March 8, 1996. According to the Journal marketing research 2009, Keeping your customers happy and contented will make your business good. Having such as loyalty programs would make them your loyal customers. Having loyal customers is the most important thing, however if all of your competitors including you offers, loyalty program it would be now useless. It will be Just an increase in expenses. To increase service pproduactivity, many companies utilize automation extensively to reduce the use of labor. However, greater use of automation does not always result to higher service quality, and the effectiveness of automation is providing service hinges on how advanced the technology level is Oennifer J argo Katherine white). Studies show that customers are willing to spend more with products that are high in quality and spend less with products low on quality. Even if the price is high consumers will still choose to purchase that product compared to a product that is cheap but is less n quality. When consumers are given more choices for a certain product, they will be more concerned with the price rather than the quality because price is much easier to be noticed compared to quality, like Cebu pacific giving discounts but has the quality like the other high end airlines such as pal. Having a popular brand is the most Important tnlng Tor a producer to De successTul. IT a consumer Keeps on nearlng and seeing a certain brand it is most likely that the consumer will avail of it rather than trying a brand that he is not familiar with. A lot of companies are investing illions and millions Just to maintain their brand names and make it popular so that people will invest more in their products and they will be loyal customers Oournal marketing research 2007. ) Prior research has found that under certain conditions, small packages can paradoxically increase consumption. This work suggest that people low in appearance self-esteem are particularly sensitive to external control properties and as a result, increase consumption levels when packages are small. Cebu Pacific Airlines giving affordable price by giving discount to consumers to grab heir attention to keep on moving up their sales and to get known in the industries. Self controlling usually occurs when people have long term goals. People tend to get impatient to save money to buy their long term goal eg. House, car. People tend to use their money for short term pleasures eg. Beers, gimmicks. This will result to failing their dream of buying their long term goals. Consumers with an active with an active self-regulatory goal will tend to focus on the cost of the things they are purchasing rather than pleasure, as a result they will be more successful in attaining their long term goals Oournal marketing research 2006. Companies are challenge to improve their promotion methods in order for them to make a good name and to maintain their products in the market. Retailers are afraid or in great risk whenever they face a new product because of the high ppercentage of failure. Considering the new products that were endorsed before, only a few of them survived. New products are also considered critical for the long term success of firms. They also observed that the new products have the same method of how it is being introduced to the market and most of them were not successful. This Journal also suggests that a tong relationship between the product and the retail buyers will make a new product successful. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this part of the research, results from the data collection method were then gathered and analyzed for interpretation of data. Survey question can be view at the Appendix I of this research. This part will show the results and explain in detail each and every answer to the objectives of this paper. The first objective of this research is to know what aspect of the marketing sources affects the consumers. In a marketing source, there are four categories: price, place, promotions, and service. These four are then categorized to a more specific manner to show which part of it affects the consumer the most. least rating which in return, tells that the functionality of the product has the least effect on consumer spending. Eighty-seven per cent (87%) of the respondents say that the quality has the most influence on their consumer spending behavior as you can see on Table 2. It affects them the greatest and 5% of the population say that it does not affect their spending behavior at all. Most people see quality as the basis for their spending behavior. What they see with thers have a great effect on them and they create this psychological fact that having the same would be satisfying to them. Service Rating Verbal Interpretation Service MOSTNEED Brand name 3. 0 NEED Quality 3. 92 Pricing 3. 81 Table 1. 0 These researches, the four categories of the marketing sources were analyzed. According to the Table 1 above this shows the one of the marketing source which is the Service. Under the Brand name there are four characteristic or qualities that each respondents rated according to show what they need. Service has the greatest mean rating among the four. Having the rate of 3. 92/4. 0. This shows that Quality has thea greatest influence among the respondents who participated in this research. Half of the respondents say that brand name is influential but not to the extent that it is more important than anything else. Meaning to say that the brand name of the product in important to consumers but mostly people spend by Service. (Refer to Table 2) Also, half of the respondents say that service is the most need to spend by the consumer; it is next to quality which mearns that, consumer wants is the best service that you can give to them so they will go back for some more. 45 33 31 9 Brand Name 5 18 3 47 17 5 Prlclng 12 4 Table 2. 0 Customer intend to spend money who will give them good service (Refer table 2. ). Quality is the second to the highest ppercentage that the correspondents rate that give the researcher the idea that giving service plus the quality of it will give good results on giving customer service. On the other hand, pricing is also need to consider as one of the important role of giving service but low price cost. Now we briefly answer the research objective number 5 The other objective is the pricing. The research objective is; how will Cebu pacific manage to be in the top 3 budgeted irline, the researchers conduct a survey question which will answer this objective. See survey questionnaire at the appendix l. Another segment to answer the objective is to determine the pricing. Affordability is influential to 68% of the respondents. When a product or a service is affordable, people tend to buy them. It also becomes a vital part in the consumers decision making process. People who are trying to make ends meet try to purchase products and services that are of low Price has always been a dynamic part of marketing strategy. Pricing is important to marketing since it enerates the income needed by the company in order to grow and expand. The price of the product/services sometimes becomes the value of a brand. Price Affordability 3. 12 Most Need Seasonal Pricing 3. 16 Discounts 3. 37 Suggested Retail Price 3. 22 Table 3. 0 58 10 2 6 Srp 41 16 7 Table 4. 0 Discounts influence constitutes to 58% of the respondents (refer to Table 4. 0) perception. Discounts offers consumers lower prices and thus making it easier to afford. Discounts often happen when there is surplus or when there is an event. Price discounting is a technique whereby businesses offers consumers incentive to nduce them to purchase products and services. Seasonal pricing is very influential to 47% of the respondents in this research. Businesses adjust prices and create promotional events to increase profit. Since it is seasonal, demands are higher and businesses are able to maximize their profits during these times. Christmas is the one of the most popular season in the country, many business utilize this season to earn. Suggested retail price or SRP is commonly seen in nowadays in the products advertisements. According to 44% of the respondents (refer to table 4), SRP is very influential to consumers. Suggested retail prices shows the minimum price a retailer could use to that would give them enough profit in selling the product. Sometimes, although SRPs are being advertised, retailers tend to mark up their prices. Marketing sources are influential to most of the respondents. All of its categories: place, price, promotions, and place has been influential to most of the consumers. But mostly, brand name has the most influence on consumers since it becomes the vital part on the consumers buying process. The fourth object of this research is to find the kind of reference group which mostly affects the consumers. Reference groups are what consumers use as standard of reference against oneself to be compared to. According to the data gathered in this research, friends are influential to 66% of the respondents (refer to table 5. 0) Consumers often go shopping with friends. Their friends opinions and views influence a consumer on the perception in buying. Friends help consumers to evaluate products, brand, and stores that it ennances consumers motlvatlon to purcnase a pr Friends 28 Family Acquaintance 42 8 Colleagues Table 5. 0 oauct or a servlce. has become a primary influence to consumers buying process. Colleagues are influential among the 44% of the respondents. Colleagues are the people associated with consumers. Most respondents say that colleagues are influential to them. In some time of the day, people communicate with their colleagues and they exchange ideas and opinions. One main reason why it is influential to consumers. The exchange of ideas gives them the motivation to purchase a product or service, being told by the other the experience the person had in purchasing the product. Acquaintance is influential to 45% of the respondents in this research. Reference Group Verbal Influence 3. 21 3. 23