Effects of Big Business Subsidies on Local Economies

Julian Diaz Eco 212 Tax breaks Big Business Subsidies Across the country organizations have understood that they hold the crucial structure square to the development of their incomes, and monetary development of little economies. Asserting that only their quality are the way to fixing neighborhood economies. Legislators are eager to channel, at times, a large number of dollars from citizens pockets and into the wallets of enterprises to open for business in their town. Partnerships with capital and readiness to contribute are keeping an eye out for the most elevated bidder, our bidders being the nearby governments endeavoring to figure out how to a superior neighborhood economy .These procedures are basically paying the company to open for business in their neighborhood economies. Nearby governments need to understood that huge business as compelling for what it's worth in making new openings in the short run and animating the economy on a macroeconomic scale, are not profiting the n eighborhood economy over the long haul and a few cases short run. So as to genuinely comprehend the whys and wherefores for enormous business’ to not get nearby government sponsorships, an investigate the negative impacts of these business on the neighborhood economies, and how these endowments ought to be distributed to augment the positive development of a neighborhood town are essential.The utilization of assessment motivating forces to draw in huge business may appear to be engaging from the outset yet there are both short and since quite a while ago run negative impacts, permitting these duty impetuses to proceed isn't profiting the economy simply the huge organizations who don't reallocate these assets into the neighborhood economy, and what do nearby governments and economies truly observe because of these expense appropriations. â€Å"Traditional monetary advancement approaches have concentrated on attempting to fill the bath while fail to plug the drain.An expanding number of networks are presently looking for approaches to â€Å"plug the drain† and breaking point the dollars that hole out of their nearby economy†1 Corporations are deceiving government authorities with thoughts revolved around the making of occupations and financial development, what they happened to forget about during dealings are the negative impacts that enormous retailers have on the neighborhood economy. The past achievement of our nation’s economy has been driven by the capacity to have free rivalry among business, a free market takes into consideration the assignment of work, and costs dependent on demand.Major national retail chains and independent companies do share the need to expend so as to work. In any case, the monetary effect of private company to a nearby economy triumph that of the mainstream store stores. An investigation performed by the Maine Center for Economic Development utilization of independent company advantage the neighborhood e conomy thought about for each 100 dollars spent by a business how it affected the nearby economy. â€Å"MECEP’s investigation found that when all is said in done each $100 spent at privately possessed organizations produces an extra $58 in nearby effect. By correlation, $100 spent at a delegate mainstream store creates $33 in nearby impact.Stated in an unexpected way, MECEP found that cash spent at neighborhood organizations produces as much as a 76% more noteworthy come back to the nearby economy than cash spent at popular stores. † This information was gathered from 350 private venture in the Portland region. The explanation behind such a higher impact being created from the independent venture is gotten from the way that the products they buy are from other privately possessed business. Government authorities who feel that baiting in these large organizations with charge motivations will profit the economy need to figure out how to improve nearby organizations first and â€Å"plug† the drain.Let’s expect that our neighborhood economy resembles a city’s economy, in the event that they permitted a significant company to step in and open up shop, and increment deals income by 50 % wouldn’t that sound incredible. Include the making of new openings for this economy, far and away superior. Notwithstanding, where are the incomes from this expanded deals going? They are not profiting the legislature or neighborhood residents on the grounds that those business charges will, best case scenario be the make back the initial investment cost of drawing the huge business with charge incentive.Once a significant store opens like Wal-Mart there is are lessening motivating forces to open up other area anyplace close to unique area as to not over invade the market and split incomes while multiplying working expenses. So now, where is this cash is being made going? Certainly, some of it is being reintroduced into our economy through wa ges, anyway compensation make up such brief level of their incomes. Cash is streaming out of the nearby economy and coordinated to be contributed somewhere else, leaving the administration earning back the original investment private company losing income from diminished deals and lower item prices.A little examination acted in salt lake city dissected â€Å"Fifteen retailers and seven restaurateurs, all autonomous and privately claimed, took an interest in the neighborhood overview. On the whole, these retailers return an aggregate of 52. 0% of all income to the neighborhood economy while these restaurateurs bring 78 back. 6%†. The examination albeit broke down from a more minor perspective showed that mainstream stores and huge business drive cash out of the neighborhood economy. Some may contend for â€Å"Creative Destruction† contending that in spite of the fact that in the short run Wal-Mart may shut down out certain stores in direct rivalry that those customer fa cing facades will be filled again.However, with a store like Wal-Mart which offers merchandise differing from staple goods to gadgets to yard and nursery, the accessible markets accessible to round those shut down out accumulates compensate for the measure of business sectors which have been driven out of the neighborhood economy. What number of cafés, dessert parlors can a city have before that market invaded? Wal-Mart makes up about 1% of all retail work in the nation. There is no uncertainty that they add to by and large work in the nation, anyway the impacts of Wal-Mart openings to neighborhood governments are a long way from beneficial.A study performed at the establishment for the investigation of work found that â€Å"because Wal-Mart stores utilize a normal of 360 laborers, this proposes for each new retail work made by Wal-Mart, 1. 4 positions are lost as existing organizations cut back or close. † The specialist considered all inclinations including work developmen t rate before Wal-Mart showed up. When Wal-Mart opens another area they power private venture in the closer region to need to down size decreasing their laborers, lower costs, and reducing potential speculations. So for each activity made by Wal-Mart 1. are lost that independent venture could have given. The 1. 4 employments would be what number of occupations would have been accessible if Wal-Mart didn't open up shop. Permitting government authorities to offer sponsorships to these huge business is a darkened vision of a positive future. Independent venture make up an enormous segment of deals incomes and effect the nearby economy more grounded than Wal-Mart. The utilization of Tax sponsorships to help energize monetary development has been believed to invigorate short run economies; anyway the since quite a while ago run impacts of these appropriations are far different.Currently in the district of St. Louis 5. 8 billion dollars have just been focused on financial advancement moti vator programs. These projects offer endowments to large organizations and chain stores to come in and help instigate monetary development. The provincial impacts of these assessment motivating forces brought about a multi year range a yearly development of work of just . 8 percent from 1990-2000, anyway 2000-2007 just observed a . 2 percent development in occupations, the misfortune in development was because of the new presentation of expense impetuses focused towards bringing in large business.This presentation of retail chain endowments moved the position of laborers, losing 35,000 specialists in the assembling business and making 200,000 employments in the administration business. The normal products delivering laborer makes 55,000 dollars per year anyway the normal assistance specialist just makes 40,000 so this made huge diminishing in the wages of the laborers. A report aggregated by the East West Government gathering expressed: â€Å"One of the planned objectives of the ut ilization of assessment motivating forces at the city level is to increment available deals or deals charge revenues.Due to the significant interest in retail advancement in the locale, an expansion in available deals would be normal, however the provincial absolute available deals expanded just reasonably from 1993 to 2000 and remained generally level through 2007† Some may contend that the impacts of the expense sponsorships will have the option to make enough large business support by making more employments over the region and that the swarming out impact would permit there to be a larger number of occupations than there was previously. In a decent measure of cases we saw this.Studies demonstrated that a few territories the enormous business had the option to make employments for the individuals who lost them in private company. Despite the fact that they had the option to cover the measure of employments, this didn't profit the economy by finishing off rivalry, extending to bring down paying employment opportunities, discovering more escape clauses to not make good on charges, this doesn't profit the area’s economy. When is it enough? Have we disregarded Detroit and Pennsylvania. There will come when government dies down will have permitted the market to be penetrated by enormous business and preclude private venture. In Detroit for xample a city where an altogether enormous bit of laborers, were utilized in the vehicle business, when they industry left there was no spine for the economy to help itself. All Detroit at any point realized was huge business producing, without those enormous fabricates keeping employments the economy will be in the entirety. Envision a stock portfolio would you put all your cash into one resource, when the main guideline is to expand to constrain the danger of a colossal ruin? Neighborhood governments need to fix battling economies from the back to front, not inversely.By permitting independent companies to get c harge motivating forces further developing the cash spent locally because of little

Babies Having Babies Free Essays

My life as a youngster would before long be reaching a conclusion and my life as mama would be coming up quicker at that point anticipated. Everything began June tenth 2012, my family and I had quite recently wrapped up our supper praising my accomplishment of getting my GED. I had gotten cards, endowments, and even some cash from my relatives for at last accepting this GED in the wake of being out of school for my senior year. We will compose a custom exposition test on Infants Having Babies or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now Everyone was so glad for me even my father, which was not a typical feeling for him to communicate towards me. Sadly their joy would before long be a distant memory. For it was the night prior to this that I had five distinct tests all of which said something very similar in various manners, I was pregnant. I was not prepared for this sort of obligation. I was not prepared truly, inwardly, and monetarily to deal with even myself however at this point I needed to figure out how to give those things to a youngster. I was just seventeen, turning eighteen in July; I was as yet a youngster myself. To numerous individuals I would be seen as a reprobate due to getting pregnant. Then again, others may have seen this coming since my mother likewise had me at a youthful age. Numerous additionally accept all teenagers who get pregnant will come up short. In spite of the fact that these convictions and perspectives from others were in my mind at that point, I realized I expected to tell my family I was pregnant, discover how far along I was, and settle on an extraordinary choice. At the point when I chose to tell my mother and stepdad I was alarmed. I was so frightened they would evade me and disclose to me they didn’t need me to live with them and they wouldn’t be steady. I was likewise apprehensive my mom would be disillusioned in me for emulating her example. Amazingly, their response was really something contrary to that. They didn’t judge me by any stretch of the imagination. Indeed the two of them embraced me and consoled me that everything would be alright and we would all get past this together, similar to family should. In the wake of telling my mother and stepdad I felt a weight lifted off my shoulders since I realized I had the help I required. My father then again was not as strong. He passed judgment on me immediately and disclosed to me I was simply attempting to resemble the individuals on the shows Teen Mom and 16 and Pregnant. He additionally revealed to me he was frustrated and practically avoided me from his life similarly as he had did to my mother when she was pregnant with me. I was so disturbed he consequently accepted I was pregnant due to appears on the T. V. Anyway I was much progressively furious he treated me a similar way he treated my mother. My own dad, alongside numerous others, trusted I was affected by individuals and things around me to get pregnant. Despite the fact that my father and others saw me as a disrespect and a duplicate feline, I didn’t let that influence me since I had different things to stress over. One of which was the manner by which far along I was. My mother previously was route in front of me for this circumstance and as of now required a meeting with Mayo Clinic to discover how far along I was and to meet my primary care physician. At the point when we at last went to the test room, after incalculable minutes in the sitting area, the medical attendant uncovered to me that I was two months pregnant. After she experienced around forty inquiries posing about my wellbeing she started informing me regarding administrations that would support me. For example, social specialists, the WIC program, general wellbeing medical caretakers, and guiding gatherings for youthful moms. She likewise had me do various tests to check whether I was on drugs or affected by some sort. My mother was somewhat incredulous of this since when she was pregnant with my more youthful sisters, at a far more established age than me, the specialists and attendants didn't offer her every one of these projects nor did they make her take the same number of medication tests. So the way that I was a young person who was pregnant the clinical experts expected to offer these sorts of projects and do those tests. They accepted out of most pregnant ladies that adolescents will require the most assistance so they don't come up short. I was an adolescent and would turn into a high school mother. The idea of that despite everything gives me shudders right up 'til the present time. Perhaps I needed the additional assistance to bring down the odds of fizzling. Despite the fact that these contemplations of falling flat were available I needed to investigate different alternatives I had. For the main alternative reception, I realized this would be an ideal chance to discover a family that was more than equipped for bringing up my kid and giving it a superior life than I could. This alternative would likewise offer me the chance to better my life by experiencing school without stressing over a crying child. Anyway I knew individuals who have done selection and they appeared to be so dismal and discouraged that their youngster considered some other lady their mother. This caused me to reevaluate the choice since I feared only that; seeing my youngster considering another family theirs. For the subsequent choice fetus removal, I realized this would be a simple way out. This would be the most ideal approach to disregard the entire circumstance yet it was likewise off-base and a pitiless activity. If I somehow happened to get a fetus removal I would not just devote myself completely to the wagon of ‘bad people’ and ‘killers’ however I would get decided by each individual who knew about my pregnancy. Since appropriation and premature birth were both off limits, I just had one alternative left; to raise the infant myself. This thought scared me, and I even returned and attempted to persuade myself that appropriation would be a superior alternative. Raising an infant would be upsetting and exceptionally troublesome yet the result would be justified, despite all the trouble. So perhaps I might bring up a youngster, I had the help of my family, had a vocation, and furthermore had enough projects to help me through everything. All of which would bring down the odds of me falling flat. Presently all I required was the little voice in my mind to state â€Å"you can do it†. Right up 'til today that little voice is shouting those four words stronger than any time in recent memory. Despite the fact that others see me as a rebel, disfavor, or a supporter to everyone around me; I realize I will do as well as can be expected conceivably do to not fall flat, and to likewise give my child the possibility of a decent life. By getting the help from probably a portion of my relatives, discovering how far along I was, and picking the correct alternative to take; I realize I can endure this. I would have been a young mother however I am taken a crack at fall courses at RCTC, working food administration at Mayo Clinic, and fundamentally growing up for my child’s future: thusly I could in truth do it, I could bring up a youngster all alone. Step by step instructions to refer to Babies Having Babies, Papers

How to Assess Product Market Fit with the Sean Ellis Test

How to Assess Product Market Fit with the Sean Ellis Test © Shutterstock | BloomuaThe article introduces you to the Sean Ellis Test for assessing Product Market Fit. Further, the article explores the benefits and limitations of the Sean Ellis test, and finally discusses in detail how to properly apply the test for a positive outcome in your business.INTRODUCTION TO THE SEAN ELLIS TESTThe term ‘Product Fit’ is used interchangeably with ’Market Fit’. For the purposes of this article, we shall prefer the term ‘Market Fit’.Market Fit can be described as the precise point in time which your businesses product evolved to become attractive and satisfactory to a segment of the market and, hence, you are able to scalably grow your business.In a lot of ways, finding your market fit allows you to quickly focus on your businesses growth as opposed to spending most of your time and money reinventing your product over and over in order to find that perfect fit. Unfortunately, most businesses will normally get stuck in that state. Without a m arket fit, it will be difficult for your business to get that much needed boost that inspires the necessary growth in your business.Sean Ellis runs a project known as Growth Hackers whose purpose is the assistance of startups in their post market-fit period. As a mandatory condition of taking on clients, Sean Ellis would conduct a qualitative survey on samples collected from a business’s consumers in order to determine whether their product or service has achieved a market fit. This is what was to become known as the Sean Ellis test.The main question of this survey as well as the options given was:  How would you feel if you could no longer use the product/service?Very disappointedSomewhat disappointedNot disappointedWhere you found that over 40% of your consumers responded that they would be Very Disappointed if they could no longer use your product, then there was a good chance that you were in a position to attain a sustainable and scalable consumer acquisition rate on your pro duct or service. This 40% mark was determined through the comparison of results acquired form hundreds of startups. Those startups that received a 40% and above responses of Very Disappointed were able to establish a sustainable scale of business. On the other hand, those startups that fell significantly below the 40% mark always seemed to struggle to attain the same sustainability.There are numerous definitions for ‘Market Fit’ and ‘Product Fit’ and this can make it a difficult concept to get your hands around. Do not worry; this article will discuss how the Sean Ellis test is applied to determine market fit in further detail. As a result, we hope that you will have grasped the concept of market fit by the end of the read.By applying the Sean Ellis test, you have a quick way of determining your business’s market fit. Where one has acquired sufficient good-fit consumers (at least 40%); they will be in a position to make informed decisions on matters concerning their busine ss’s product or service. For example, whether to heighten product/service development, or scale-up the sales, or even the evaluation of their marketing strategy.Sean Ellis recommends reserving the survey for:Consumers that have experienced the core of your product or serviceConsumers that have experienced your product or service at least twiceConsumers that have experienced your product in the past two weeksLearn what Sean Ellis has to say about growth hacking and high speed testing. BENEFITS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE SEAN ELLIS TESTPrior to looking into how the test is really applied in business, let us explore the upsides and downsides of the test.BenefitsSimplicity. I think we can all agree that the simpler the metric the more people will be inclined to apply it. Even the best informed businesses end up with a collection of performance assessment tools and metrics, but have no real understanding of how to apply them in helping their business grow. The Sean Ellis market fit test, h owever, avoids this issue and presents a metric that is easy to understand, calculate, and analyze; a metric that is generally easy to use.Consumer Oriented. A lot of people consider the determination of market fit a complex activity. In essence, it should be quite simple. It all boils down to finding out if people are interested in the product or service that you are offering.Many businesses fail not because they are poorly managed or that they lack enough funding. Most businesses fail because they persist in the production of products or services that no consumer is in need of. The Sean Ellis test aids your businesses by keeping it on its toes and reminding you what the biggest determining factor of any business’s success is; the Consumers. As opposed to fixating on a lot of irrelevant data, the test goes right to the source and tells you exactly how your product and services are being received in the market.It is not unusual to lose track of our consumers’ needs and focus on intimidating terms such as ‘Market Fit’ and ‘Product Fit’ when the issue is really about ensuring that your consumers are satisfied with what you are offering.LimitationsFails to Harmonize Intention and Action. In the test’s defense, this is a problem that can be found in any survey out there. This is because there is always a difference in what people will say and what people will actually do. Because of this, the test does not really guarantee that the responses gathered in the survey, actually predict to pinpoint accuracy the consumers’ actions. If your business solely depends on the test to guide it its growth, you will be exposing that business to a myriad of risks. As much as surveys are handy, it is much safer place your bet on what your consumers are actually doing; pay attention. Therefore, the Sean Ellis test at the end of the day will only be effectively used as a compass for market fit and not its determinant.Does not guarantee Success. As mentioned above, th e Sean Ellis test is only an indicator that you are moving in the right direction; that your business is in the safe zone in terms of reception by consumers. However, a positive response (40% and above) does not instantly indicate that your business is going to be a success. Your product or service’s market fit may be a little more complicated than the test may make it appear. It is completely possible for your business to pass the 40% mark and still crash and burn in attaining a truly stable place in the market.Therefore, the Sean Ellis test is only effectively applicable as a confirmation that your current approach stands a chance of success, but it is not proof or guarantee of success in the long-run. Again, in the test’s defense it is impossible for any test to give you a Yes or No guarantee; especially when we are trying to predict the future; to peer and see if a business will find its own stable place in the marketplace. Although the Sean Ellis test for market fit is not perfect, it definitely plays a major role in evaluating the health of your business. It allows you to check the reception from the very people that determine your success or failure; your consumers.Watch Sean Ellis talking about product market fit and scaling a company. HOW TO ASSESS YOUR PRODUCT MARKET FIT WITH THE SEAN ELLIS TESTIn the business world there is the prevalence of discussions on market fit and how it can be attained, but not nearly as much discussion on how to measure market fit for businesses. We get lost and fascinated by fancy terms and forget that the most important thing is the consumers. Well this article sets itself apart. This section of the article presents you with a procedure to follow in the proper application of the Sean Ellis test for market fit.As mentioned above, the question posed by the Sean Ellis test is, How would you feel if you could no longer use the product? The very first question you should ask yourself is how many participants are necessary for you to get conclusive results. The answer to this is not definite. Of course the more participants you get the better, but this does not imply that you should wait until you 1000 participants to commence analysis; a sample from about 50 participants could give you just as accurate a result as the 1000 participants would give you.The next question you should pose to yourself is who needs to participate in the survey in order for the results to be as accurate as possible. Of course, your first instinct may be to send the survey out to anyone who appears to be among the most engaged consumers from your perspective, but is this really the best approach? The question is a controversial one and many people will weigh in different opinions but the best advice, I would assume was already given by the inventor of the test, Sean Ellis himself.As mentioned in the introduction part of the article, for the best results, the survey should be administered to; persons who have experienced the c ore of your product; persons who have used your product at least twice; and persons who have used your product in the last two weeks. Hopefully this makes the question of suitable participants a little less complicated by narrowing down the categories to these three.As a pointer in administering the Sean Ellis test, remember that the test is not only limited to whole products, but can also be used to assess the market fit of product features. This is where a product or service has already achieved market fit and you are looking to find out how to improve its performance even more.[slideshare id=8599055doc=marketfit-110714151312-phpapp01w=640h=330]Analyzing and Interpreting ResultsOnce you have administered the Sean Ellis test and you have a stack of responses, the next step is to analyze the results. In order to use the findings to your advantage, you should understand and be able to interpret them. Your intention here should be to find the commonalities in the responses from your p articipants.Not DisappointedWhere you find that a majority of your consumers indicate that they would not be disappointed if they were unable to use your product or service, you should immediately realize that you have a big problem. This is not a problem you can simply ignore is you are concerned about the persistence and success of your business in the market.If customers are unconcerned about your product or service:You are not providing the consumers with products or services they needSome features in your products or service are not resonating with the consumers needsAs such, it may be time to administer a follow up survey on:How you can improve your products and servicesWhat product/service features the consumers appreciate the mostWhat product/service features the consumers like the least.In other words, dig through all the responses that you gathered and ensure that you find out why the consumers are so unconcerned about your product or service.As an additional pointer, prio r to conducting a follow up survey, profile the participants who responded with Not Disappointed and determine if they fall under a common category of consumer persona. This will enable you to determine whether you should create a sub-product that is particular to their persona as opposed to doing a complete overhaul of your product or service. All in all, prevalence in this response indicates that there is quite a bit of work to be done on your business.Somewhat DisappointedWhere you find that a majority of your participants respond with ‘Somewhat Disappointed’, your business and product is ‘Somewhat Close’ to attaining market fit. When there is a prevalence of responses of this category, place emphasis on finding out what made this part of your consumer base only partly disappointed in the loss of your product as opposed to extremely disappointed.Dedicate you efforts to finding out what differentiates this segment of ‘Somewhat Disappointed’ consumers and ‘Very Disapp ointed’ consumers; what is causing this divide. You could contact and interview the participants in this category and find out what would make the product even more satisfactory to them.Very DisappointedIf a large portion of your participants indicate that they would be extremely disappointed, it goes without saying that you should breathe a sigh of relief. It indicates that your product or service has attained market fit. As such, your business has already begun to or has even already solidified its place in the market. However, note, as mentioned previously, this is not a guarantee for long-term success.To solidify your market fit and ensure that you realize long-term success, invest your efforts in optimizing your marketing approaches and strategies. Do not spare any resource that fuels the momentum that you evidently already have; do not get complacent, push for even greater results.[slideshare id=59855569doc=howtofindproduct-marketfit-160322025044w=640h=330]REASON TO PERSIST IN USING THE SEAN ELLIS TESTNow that you have acquired the desired results after several efforts in the optimization of your product, you may think it is time to seize applying the test. However, even after attaining a market fit, the Sean Ellis test may still be a very valuable tool to your business. You might have attained market fit a few months ago and your product or service is still receiving a healthy buzz around it, for example on the media and social media.It may feel that your product or service is being quite successful, when in fact your product has began to lose its place in the market. You will not realize this if you have not been regularly monitoring the reception from the consumers, and what better test to apply that the test that guided you to success in the first place? Do not fool yourself; review your market fit regularly.Therefore, staying focused on whether your business is nurturing successful products or services is incredibly important for your business’s long-term success. You can even use the Sean Ellis test to test for the market fit of products that you have not even launched yet by surveying a specialized group of people. This is achievable by hiring a group of testers for your new products.A lot of organizations already hire tester who get to experience their products and give feedback prior to mass release. This saves the business a lot of time and effort and avails a rough assessment of the product’s probability of success even without having to engage in the hustle of launching, distribution, and marketing.IN CONCLUSIONMarket fit is one of the biggest determinants of a product’s/service’s success and a critical contributing factor towards the rate of growth of any business. However, defining market fit can be quite challenging for many businesses. I hope that this article has given you an insight into what market fit is, as well as its place in your business.You can end up spending a lot of valuable time developing an d reinventing your products and services, a process which is exhausting and expensive. The best and easiest way to determine whether your product is receiving the necessary reception from the consumers in order to attain market fit and increase your chances of long-term success is applying the Sean Ellis test.

All About Paraître

Paraà ®tre is a very common and useful French verb that means to look/appear/seem. It is irregular in conjunction and can be used impersonally. Examples ofParatre in Use   Paraà ®tre can be followed by an adjective, infinitive, or prepositional phrase:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tu parais bien heureux  Ã‚  Ã‚  You look very happy  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cela paraà ®t à ªtre une erreur  Ã‚  Ã‚  That seems to be a mistake  Ã‚  Ã‚   Une lueur a paru dans ses yeux  Ã‚  Ã‚  A gleam appeared in his eyeParaà ®tre can also mean to make an appearance:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il na pas paru à   la rà ©union  Ã‚  Ã‚  He didnt appear (show up) at the meeting  Ã‚  Ã‚   Je dà ©teste paraà ®tre en public  Ã‚  Ã‚  I hate appearing in publicParaà ®tre is usually conjugated with avoir as its auxiliary verb in the compound tenses, except in the context of publishing, in which it is often conjugated with à ªtre:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cet article est paru mi-juin.  Ã‚  Ã‚  This article was published in mid-June.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Le nouveau Petit Larousse est paru.  Ã‚  Ã‚  The new (edition of) Le Petit Larousse is out. Using Il parat Il paraà ®t is an impersonal construction that means it seems in the global sense (like, they say or the word is) and can be followed by an adjective or a subordinate clause.1) Il paraà ®t adjective is followed by de infinitive, and may also be modifed by an indirect object pronoun:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il paraà ®t important dessayer  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems important to try  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il ne paraà ®t pas essentiel dy aller  Ã‚  Ã‚  It doesnt seem essential to go  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il me paraà ®t ridicule de courir  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems ridiculous to me to run  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il ne nous paraà ®t pas logique de faire à §a  Ã‚  Ã‚  To us it doesnt seem / We dont think its logical to do that2) Il paraà ®t que is followed by a subordinate clause in the indicative:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il paraà ®t quil va pleuvoir demain  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems like / They say its going to rain tomorrow  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il paraà ®t que nous devons refaire ce travail  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems / The word is that were going to have to redo th is work3) Il paraà ®t may be modified by an adjective before que, in which case the verb in the subordinate clause may be in the indicative or subjunctive, depending on what the adjective requires:*  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il paraà ®t important que tu le fasses seul  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems / Apparently its important that you do it alone  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il paraà ®t clair quon ne peut pas gagner  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems clear that we cant win*That is, if the expression would need the subjunctive without paraà ®t then it also needs it with paraà ®t: il est important que subjunctive, thus il paraà ®t important que subjunctive4) When il paraà ®t que is modifed by an indirect object pronoun, it is equivalent to it seems (to me, to us, etc):  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il me paraà ®t important que tu comprennes  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems to me that its important that you understand (I think its important for you to understand)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il nous paraà ®t sà »r quon va gagner  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems certain to us / We think its certain that were going to win  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il nous paraà ®t quil peut venir  Ã‚  Ã‚  It seems to us / We think that it he can come5) Il ne paraà ®t pas que requires the subjunctive:  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il ne paraà ®t pas quil vienne  Ã‚  Ã‚  It doesnt seem that hes coming; He doesnt seem to be coming  Ã‚  Ã‚   Il ne paraà ®t pas quon puisse gagner  Ã‚  Ã‚  It doesnt seem like we can win Expressions with paratre   Ã‚  Ã‚   à   ce quil paraà ®t - apparently  Ã‚  Ã‚   paraà ®t-il - apparently  Ã‚  Ã‚   il paraà ®t que oui - so it seems  Ã‚  Ã‚   il paraà ®t que non - apparently not Conjugations   Ã‚  Ã‚  je parais  Ã‚  Ã‚  tu   parais  Ã‚  Ã‚  il paraà ®t  Ã‚  Ã‚  nous   paraissons  Ã‚  Ã‚  vous   paraissez  Ã‚  Ã‚  ils   paraissent

My Impressions From Enders Game - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 992 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Enders Game Essay Did you like this example? Enders Game Although this book is based on a futuristic image this book Enders Game is one of its kind. Its a science fiction book written by Orson Scott Card. The reason why I choose this book because it gives a display of memories of what a heroic image is. The memories gave a rooted understanding on moral issues, making personal sacrifices and imposing self-discipline. Card wrote four novels in a series about Ender and the story of his life. The publisher of Enders Game is a company called Tom Doherty Associates. Card was born on 24 August, 1951. He is an American author, critic, public speaker, essayist and political activist. He wrote books in several genres, but is primarily known for his science fiction. Card novel Enders Game and its sequel Speaker for the Dead1986 both won Hugo and Nebula Awards. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "My Impressions From Enders Game" essay for you Create order The setting of Enders Game was generally on earth and the school in space. The season based on when he came back to earth was summer based on the description of the time by the heat and sunburns that Ender got. The time of the whole event seemed to take place probably in the twenty-second century. This is shown through the advanced technology: the monitor, battleships, Dr. Device and other things such as computers. Most of the book took place inside of the Battle School, a school for young elites and intelligent children. The list of the description of characters are consist of: Ender The younger brother of Peter and Valentine, six year old Ender is chosen by Colonel Graff to help save the earth from the buggers. Ender has a strong fear of his brother and loves his sister. Ender has a strong mind and learns to overcome situations by the age of nine he is given his own army to command. Ender held an anger towards the people who manipulated him throughout the novel. Valentine Valentine is Enders older sister. She became his protector especially from their older brother Peter. Valentine grew a strong interest in the worlds political views and began to spark influence over the growing situation. Peter Enders older brother Peter is gifted and very manipulative. He has a similar strength towards the only difference is that he acts without no remorse. Colonel Graff Graff has a strong faith in Ender although he manipulates him, he also loved him for who he was. Graff is the head of the Battle School until Ender left. He is one of the few characters who actually allowed Ender to be his child like self and also demanded him to be better. He was also put under trial after the war for the deaths of Stilson and Bonzo. Mazer Rackham Rackham is one of Enders last teachers. Rackham is also one of those who misled Ender into thinking he is causing confusion and explains to him that no one but a child could have won the war. Major Anderson Second in command to Colonel Graff at the Battle School, Major Anderson main responsibility is to setup the battle room scenarios. Bean Enders last friend at Battle School, Bean is very intelligent and unique in his own way. Bean helps Ender throughout the time with the Dragon Army and hold on to humanity. He became one of Enders commanders against the buggers. Alai As the story continues Alai became Enders best friend and helped him gained popularity among the other recruits. Dink Meeker Enders platoon leader in Rat Army, Dink has a very great mind when came to strategy. Petra Arkanian Petra taught Ender how to fight in the battle room. Through the book they remained acquaintances and became one of Enders commanders for the battle against the buggers. Bonzo Madrid Bonzo is an enemy of Enders and the commander of Salamander Army. He faced a man to man battle with Ender which also brought him to his death. StilsonStilson is an enemy of Enders and usually would gang him at the time before battle school. Later on in the book he also died from a battle from Ender. Crazy Tom Crazy Tom one of Enders toon leaders in Dragon Army. He is very persistent in the way he thinks and quickly look at situation. The book starts off when Ender was six years old. Enders real name is Andrew Wiggin, but he was given the name of Ender as a nickname. Ender has one sister called Valentine and one brother named Peter. Ender had a strong bond between Valentines because they both exchange a very like-minded approach towards their political views. All the children in the school wore a device on their neck that allows people to monitor their every actions. The leaders did this because they wanted to select the smartest of all the children handpicked to create a battle team of soldiers and commanders. This concept was done because an alien race attacked the earth over fifty years ago, So the humans strategized themselves to be ready for the next attack. Ender losing the monitor placed on his neck, a device which gave access to the government to see and hear whatever he feels. The device was later remove separating him from his pairs. He is the third child of his family which led him to be subjected to scorn and derision.Valentine his older sister grew to become his protector, As Peter continue to grow in envy to brutalize them both. Colonial Hyrum Graff convinced Ender to accompany him to Battle School. At the battle school he will train to fight the Buggers, the aliens that invaded the earth almost fifty years ago and almost destroyed mankind. In the conclusion of it all Enders Game is a fiction book which gives an insight and reflection of the real world we live today. Making personal sacrifices and day to day adjustments I will definitely recommend this book to anyone.

The Five Sexes Why Male and Female Are Not Enough by Anne...

In the article â€Å"The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female Are Not Enough†, Anne Fausto-Sterling makes some very compelling points. One of her main points is that the western worlds binary system of sex is to constraining and proposes that instead our system should be increase to five, or possible more, sexes. This paper will explain the premises of her argument and important terms. This will be followed by a counterargument as to why three sexes are the max needed and that Fausto-Sterling view could lead towards an anti-essentialism approach and thus the tertiary system would be a far better fit. Then finally it will conclude with what Anne Fausto-Sterling’s response might be and a reflection comparing the two, that being her argument and the counter argument. Anne Fausto-Sterling first goal is to present a case of a 23 year old person living in 1843. This individual’s issue at the time involved wanting to vote. The issue that arises from this case is that first it took place before women’s suffrage and thus only men were allowed to vote. The issue with Levi Suydam was that this individual had both male and female biological sex organs. Thus it was decided to call a doctor to decide which sex this individual was more aligned with and make a decision as if Suydam could vote. At first the doctor decided that because the individual has a phallus he was a male, but this was later overturned when the doctor finds out that the individual menstruated and had a vaginal opening. The mainShow MoreRelatedThe traditional biological understandings of sex and gender create a binary concept mainly in the800 Words   |  4 Pagesgender create a binary concept mainly in the Western culture by having two strictly fixed options of male or fema le. This binary notion of gender and sex was put to the test by both Anne Fausto-Sterling and Oyeronke Oyewumi. Sterling argues that rather than just two separate ends, biological gender occurs across a continuum of possibilities. This spectrum of anatomical deviation by itself should be enough to disregard the simplistic notion of only two genders. Oyewumi acknowledges that there is a binaryRead MoreEssay on Anne Fausto-Sterlings The Five Sexes1151 Words   |  5 Pagessources, as well as others, have evolved into an expectation that has become institutionalized within society. This expectation, is placement and belonging into the binary system of person: the man or the woman. In Anne Fausot-Sterlings acrticles â€Å"The Five Sexes† and the â€Å"The Five Sexes, Revisited†, the binary system is exposed as being faulted. The author explores the harsh physical and psychological costs that come with the conforming to social standards. In order to understand this phenomenaRead MoreGender Is Not So Much Determined By God Nor By Biology Essay1618 Words   |  7 Pagesas the Western society, there are only two sexes that are recognized (Lorber, 1993, p. 569). Males are said to have XY chromosome (testes and a penis) whereas women are said to have XX chromosome (vagina and ovaries) (Fausto-Sterling, 1993, pp. 40-41). However the concept of labelling genitalia as ‘male’ or ‘female’ is problematic. This is because it completely disregards the individuals who are intersex. Anne Fausto- Sterling went on to suggest the five sex system in order to have the individualsRead MoreGender Inequality Between Men And Women908 Words   |  4 Pagescultures, such as inequalities in power and access to resources. However, both of these understandings of sex and gender perpetuate the idea that individuals are categorized into binary categories. Sex is divided into being biologically male or biologically female, while gender is divided into being a man or a woman. When considering the concepts of sex and gender, another topic that is readily recognized is the concept of sexuality. This concept is often synonymous with the term â€Å"sexual orientation†Read MoreThe Exploration Of Violating Female Gender Norms Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pages Doing Gender: The Exploration of Violating Female Gender Norms’ Traits of Passive and Dependent Behavior Solla Park 1001343361 Gender and Society SOC265H1F Assignment 1 As societal human beings, we are constantly immersed in a world of gender norms. Gender norms are behaviors that include ways of speaking, ways of presentation, and even types of body language that are associated with certain genders, typically to the resilient two-category system of men and womenRead MoreThe Scientific Community And Its Impact On My Life As A Self Identified Queer Person1395 Words   |  6 Pagess findings on sex, sexuality and gender. Biologist Anne Fausto-Sterling s The Five Sexes: Why Male and Female are Not Enough† revolves around the male and female gender/sex dichotomy that dominates Western culture and directly impacts babies who are born intersex. Intersex is defined as a variation in sex characteristics including chromosomes, gonads, or genitals that do not allow an individual to be distinctly identified as male or female. Did you know that 4% of babies are born intersex?Read MoreHow do we Become Who we are1890 Words   |  8 Pagesby the time we are old enough to make life affecting decisions by ourselves, it could be argued that the boundaries of who we can become are significantly smaller. A big part of who we are is our physical self. The physical body is separated into different sexes which are biologically defined. Society however, recognises genders, the number and definitions of which vary throughout different cultures. Western society recognises two socially constructed genders, male and female. There are obvious physicalRead MoreWhat Does It Mean At The World?1911 Words   |  8 Pagesvariables in each society the sociological experience for one person could be completely different for another. The role that sociologists play is to view the world - and all the different societies that exist in it, with a narrowed scope to decipher why there are differences in certain societies and how they happen. The goal and purpose of sociologists doing this is to open the eyes of the public to become conscious of what is happening around them and to accept the differences that exist around the

Formalized Structured Organizations Essay Sample free essay sample

Formalized organisations are usually slower in determination devising. Make you hold? Formalized structured organisations are less organic and less brooding upon alterations. Chemical reactions to displacements in the market are slower and hence. they do non react every bit rapidly as an organic corporation would. This is chiefly due to a slow determination doing procedure whereby this procedure is classified by certain factors that basically. do up a Formalized organisational construction. The determination devising procedure requires employee engagement. executing by the corporation as a whole and crystalline work flow that allows information to travel from one degree of hierarchy to the following seamlessly. Stricter Reporting Lines Formalized organisational or usually described to hold rigorous coverage lines whereby employees are required to detect a hierarchy when go throughing information to their higher-ups. With this in head. it is hard for employees to talk straight to decision-makers and it would take clip to hold the issue at manus brought to the attending of the higher direction. We will write a custom essay sample on Formalized Structured Organizations Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In add-on to that. non many employees are empowered or bask the authorization of determination devising. This slows down the procedure of reacting to concerns in the market. A participative. inclusive civilization is cardinal and showing ‘fait accompli’ determinations ( Paton. 2007 ) . Visa International is an illustration of a decentralized corporation that does non detect the traditional lines of describing. In fact. Visa International has adopted a system whereby determination shapers come from the underside. as the bottom line of their â€Å"employees† are those who are straight involved in their merchandises and services. Each organisational degree receives its power to do determinations from the lower degrees of organisational construction instead than the 1s from above ( Laubacher A ; Morton. 2003 ) . Narrower Lines of Control Due to their narrower lines of control. determination devising by a formalistic organisation would be uneffective as it would non promote employee engagement the same manner an organically structured organisation would. Effective determination devising is a critical accomplishment for any director. and critical to the smooth operation of the organisation as a whole. Indecisive directors are a drain on the company and a major defeat for their squads. damaging employee motive which can in bend undermine productiveness and impact the organization’s advancement ( Jones. 2007 ) . There are clearly a figure of factors which can take to bad determination devising but it is peculiarly distressing that directors are neglecting to affect other people as they put programs in topographic point ( Jones. 2007 ) . Otis Elevator Corporation installed a centralised system for employees at land degree to describe merchandise defects to determination shapers. This reduces energy and clip spent in be givening to concerns ( Laubacher A ; Morton. 2003 ). Less Transparency and more Bureaucracy Formalized organisation constructions are normally plagued with bureaucratism and red-tape. This acts as a hinderance upon information transparence. When information is stuck along the coverage lines. it is hard for employees to pass on with their supervisors when there are no avenues for them to show their positions. These companies tend to follow traditional methods of communicating and are by and large non good acquainted with new engineering such as public presentation / gross revenues logs. grapevines and e-mailing. Business and engineering are now a individual system and companies will confront an even greater demand to maintain up. Real-time entree to better quality information will be the greatest concern plus in the old ages in front ( particularly for decision-making ) ( Teradata. 2006 ) . Wal-Mart ( Wal-Mart ) Corporation adopts a tracking system to let different its many braches to track displacements in consumer demands and purchases. This helps Wal-Mart as a whole focal point on the merchandises they need to offer in different parts ( Laubacher A ; Morton. 2003 ) . Mentions: Drummond H.The Art of Decision Making: Mirrors of Imagination. Masks of Fate. Wiley New York ( 2003 ) . Enterprise Decision Making Survey 2006 Report.Penetrations from the Fifth Annual Teradata Survey ( 2006 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. management-issues. com Laubacher. R. A ; Morton.M. S. S. Inventing the Organization of the 21stCentury. Sloan School of Management. ( 2003 ) . Paton. N.British Directors Dithering and Incompetent. Management Issues ( 2007 ) .

Define Goals and Objectives Essay Example

Define Goals and Objectives Essay Define Goals and Objectives Overview: â€Å"What are goals and objectives? † Goals are general guidelines that explain what you want to achieve in your community. They are usually long-term and represent global visions such as â€Å"protect public health and safety. † Objectives define strategies or implementation steps to attain the identified goals. Unlike goals, objectives are specific, measurable, and have a defined completion date. They are more specific and outline the â€Å"who, what, when, where, and how† of reaching the goals. Where are we now? Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7: Step 8: Step 9: Identify hazards and risks Define goals and objectives Identify alternatives for solving problems Select evaluation criteria Select feasible mitigation strategies Prepare a draft plan Prepare final plan Implement plan Monitor and periodically revise plan â€Å"Why do we need to identify goals and objectives? † Plans and actions based on clear goals and objectives are more likely to succeed in meeting the community’s needs. Vassar, Michigan 1998/99 Mitigation Planning Initiative Goals u u u Reduce flood losses. Improve response and recovery. Enhance community confidence. Objectives u Establish on-going floodway acquisition land-use program. u Rezone floodway to reflect current uses. u Develop a written Flood Response Recovery Plan. Accomplishments (Mitigation Strategies Being Implemented) u A floodway is being converted to a riverside park and recreation area. u Homes in the flood fringe are being raised above the 100 year elevation. u Remaining homes in the floodway are being removed. u Community spirit has been renewed. 68 2/03 We will write a custom essay sample on Define Goals and Objectives specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Define Goals and Objectives specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Define Goals and Objectives specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Typical goals might include, but are not limited to, the following: †¢ Minimize damage to public and private property †¢ Maintain essential public services †¢ Provide adequate warning time to residents in affected areas †¢ Promote economic development †¢ Manage growth/development †¢ Acquire open space and park land †¢ Preserve housing stock †¢ Maintain a positive community image Goals will not be achieved if they exist in a vacuum or compete with other community goals. Hazard mitigation has a far greater chance for success when its goals are effectively integrated into other community goals. Combining goals in this manner can lead to a â€Å"win-win† situation where everyone benefits. A mitigation component may â€Å"tip the scale† to allow a marginal but beneficial project to move forward. Objectives are developed to help achieve goals by dividing them into manageable components. For example, â€Å"eliminate flood damage† would be a goal. A supporting objective could be â€Å"adopt a zoning ordinance prohibiting new development in the floodplain. † This objective establishes a policy that prohibits building in an area vulnerable to a natural hazard. Successful completion of multiple objectives is needed for each individual goal. Some objectives may themselves have components that can be expressed as action steps, but it is vital to eventually identify in the plan all the details that will guide and encourage concrete actions to be taken. Prioritizing goals and objectives Once you have identified the goals and objectives, prioritize them so local officials can better focus their attention on developing alternatives. Summary Developing clear goals and objectives will help your community clarify problems, issues and opportunities in hazard mitigation as well as other areas. Well-articulated goals and objectives are more likely to succeed. An important part of developing goals and objectives is raising community awareness of the relationship between community development practices and the community’s level of hazard vulnerability and risk. Also, raising citizen awareness can help gain support for ongoing mitigation planning efforts. 69 2/03 Step 3 Identify Alternatives for Solving Problems Overview Often, there are different ways that objectives can be met, each of which may have pros and cons, costs and benefits. Brainstorming sessions will be useful for suggesting possible mitigation strategies, which are called alternatives until they are narrowed down to one strategy that can receive widespread support. The narrowing-down process will be covered in Steps 4 and 5. First, alternatives must be generated that may address each of the most important hazards in your community, as identified by the hazard analysis produced in Step 1, and to accomplish the goals and objectives identified and defined in Step 2. Where are we now? Step 1: Identify hazards and risks Step 2: Define goals and objectives Step 3: Identify alternatives for solving problems Step 4: Step 5: Step 6: Step 7: Step 8: Step 9: Select evaluation criteria Select feasible mitigation strategies Prepare a draft plan Prepare final plan Implement plan Monitor and periodically revise plan Key Point Five Basic Hazard Mitigation Approaches u Strategy #1 – Modify the Hazard to remove or eliminate it. Modification will reduce its size or amount, or control the rate of release of the hazard. Examples include cloud seeding, slope planting (to reduce erosion), and stream widening or modification to improve water flow. Strategy #2 – Segregating the Hazard to try to keep the hazard away from the people. This is often accomplished in floodprone areas through the construction of structural protection measures such as dams, levees, floodwalls, etc. that redirect the impacts of a flood away from people and developed properties. This can be a highly effective strategy but also very expensive. Care must be taken to maintain structural solutions over time. Risks could be compounded if development continues behind a structure that is allowed to deteriorate! Strategy #3 – Preventing or Limiting Development in locations where people and structures would be at risk. This approach seeks to keep the people away from the hazard and includes a variety of land use planning and development regulation tools, such as comprehensive planning, zoning, floodplain management ordinances, capital improvements planning, disclosure laws, and the acquisition and relocation of hazard-prone properties. When properly applied, this strategy can be highly effective in promoting safe, sustainable development. Strategy #4 – Altering Design or Construction to make it less vulnerable to disaster damage. Also known as interacting with the hazard, it focuses on engineering structures to withstand potentially destructive impacts. Examples include elevation above flood levels, wind bracing, wet and dry floodproofing measures, and insulation of utility lines. Strategy #5 – Early Warning and Public Education to ensure that the public is aware of potential hazards, and that proper warning and communication systems are in place to save lives and protect property. 70 2/03 u u u u The text box on the preceding page presented five basic hazard mitigation approaches. Within that basic framework are numerous tools that can be used to help solve hazard-related problems and concerns. Some of those tools will now be described. Common Hazard Mitigation Tools Corrective Measures When structures and communities are located in hazardous areas, corrective measures are directed at working with current conditions. Examples of corrective measures include: 1. Acquisition: Public acquisition and management of lands that are vulnerable to damage from local hazards. Following acquisition, land uses more appropriate to the degree of risk may be chosen. Public acquisition has been achieved by: a) purchase at full market value; b) purchase at less than full market value through such methods as foreclosure of tax delinquent property, bargain sales, purchase and lease back, etc. ; c) donation, through reserved real estate, donation by will, donation and lease back; d) leases; and e) easements. Relocation: Permanent evacuation of hazard-prone areas through movement of existing hazard-prone development and population to safer areas. The two common approaches to relocation are physical removal of buildings to a safer area with future use of the vacated area limited to permanent open space, and replacing existing land uses with others that are less vulnerable to the hazard. Redevelopment: Rebuilding damaged areas in such a way that future damages are reduced and economic viability is improved. An example of this approach would be the redesign of deteriorated urban areas using renewal authorities and funds. Modifications: Modifications can be made both to a site and to a structure. Examples include landscape grading, or retrofitting existing structures to be damage resistant (i. e. , floodproofing existing buildings, adding structural braces to buildings to improve earthquake or wind resistance, etc. ) 2. 3. 4. Public Works Measures This category covers the most commonly known engineering measures used to contain or redirect natural hazards away from development and affected populations. Examples of these types of measures include: 1. Structural Protection Measures: Construction of measures that directly protect people and property at risk (in Michigan, primarily from flood hazards). Examples include dams, reservoirs, dikes, levees, seawalls, bulkheads, revetments, high flow diversions, and spillways. Land Treatment: Measures which are intended to reduce the intensity of hazard effects by modifying the natural environment. Examples include reforestation, contour plowing, grading, and soil stabilization. 2. Planning and Regulatory Measures Government has the power and resources to guide and influence the location, type, and amount of development within a jurisdiction. The tools of this development management are contained in the communitys plans, regulations, public facilities and taxation measures, in addition to land acquisition policies which were discussed previously. 1. Plans: Land use plans specify the planned location of types of development activity, including commercial, industrial, and residential. As a hazard mitigation tool, plans can also identify hazard areas such as floodplains, fault zones, landslide and high-erosion areas, and hazardous waste sites. Land use plans can guide concentrated development away from these hazard areas by designating them for open space or other low density uses. Zoning: Zoning ordinances are used to regulate the use of land and structures to ensure the public health, safety, and general welfare. Hazard areas such as floodplains can be zoned as low density districts. Hazard areas can also be identified in other zoning districts where special performance standards may be applied to development. 71 2/03 2. 3. Regulations: Certain regulations, such as subdivision regulations, place requirements and standards for the conversion of raw land into building ites. These types of regulations can require floodproofing of such facilities as water and sewer lines, and storm drains. The subdivider can be required to prevent environmental degradation (e. g. using cluster developments) and mitigate hazards (e. g. retention basins). Development in high-hazard areas can be prevented or protected by requiring elevation or floodproofing. The regulations may also require that hazard information appear on deeds for lots within the development. Environmental regulations also provide an opportunity to accomplish hazard mitigation. Since sensitive areas are protected by these regulations, mitigation can be accomplished when this protection reduces hazard impacts, and when the protection guides new development away from these areas. 4. Codes: Building codes protect lives and property by setting standards for construction materials, techniques, and design procedures. Both performance codes and specification codes can be valuable hazard mitigation tools when used to require protection of new construction (or substantial redevelopments). Housing and sanitary codes establish minimum standards, one for occupancy and the other for waste disposal. Special standards may be established for hazard-prone areas. Disclosure: Hazard mitigation goals can be accomplished by requiring sellers and real estate brokers to inform prospective buyers about the vulnerability of buildings and lots to specific hazards. Moratoria: Ordinances or regulations can be applied to delay rebuilding after a disaster until mitigation priorities have been established. This can be done either before, or immediately following a disaster. Development Rights: This type of regulation or policy may prevent development in hazardous areas by purchasing the development rights from the seller. The land can then be maintained as open space, or leased back for agricultural purposes. Another option is to transfer the development rights to another location that is safer. By increasing densities in the safer location in exchange for decreased densities in the hazard zone, both sellers and developers can realize a profit while accomplishing hazard mitigation at little or no cost to government. Open Space Planning: By employing some of the same strategies as for acquisition of developed properties, jurisdictions can lessen the potential for natural hazards by acquiring vulnerable undeveloped areas. 5. 6. 7. 8. Persuasion and Encouragement Other mitigation strategies are available to discourage new development in hazardous areas and encourage practices which are consistent with mitigation goals. These include: 1. Incentives: Financial incentives and disincentives, such as taxes, mortgage standards, and insurance credits can be used to conform with mitigation objectives. An example of a disincentive would be the denial of loans to would-be borrowers who cannot show that hazard-related standards are being met. Location: Leading by example, such as a clear and consistent government policy aimed at preventing the location of public buildings in hazardous areas, may discourage private development in these locations. An extension of this policy would be the denial of public services, such as water, power, and sewage into these areas. Finding alternatives to repairing or rebuilding damaged public facilities which service hazard-prone areas may also set an example for the private sector. . Public Education and Awareness Public awareness programs are necessary to periodically inform and remind people about an areas hazards, and the measures necessary to minimize potential damage and injury. Tools in this category include: 1. 2. Public Relations: Providing general information or establishing public consensus can be accomplished through a formal or informal pu blic relations program. Public Information: Information about hazards or mitigation efforts can be disseminated through the media. 72 2/03 3. 4. 5. Public Hearings: The public may obtain information and express opinions about mitigation efforts at public forums run by appropriate government agencies. Surveys and Polls: Government agencies or other organizations can gather information about public support for mitigation efforts. Public Education: Learning experiences, such as workshops and seminars, may be used to communicate hazard mitigation information to special target audiences. Incorporating alternatives into a plan Perhaps one of the best ways to identify alternatives for solving hazard-related problems is to display the information in table format. For example: City of Vassar, Michigan. GOAL: Reduce flood losses to the fullest extent possible. OBJECTIVE(s): Reduce losses associated with Cass River flooding. RANGE OF ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS: ALTERNATIVE 1 Acquire floodway buildings/properties. ALTERNATIVE 2 Elevate floodway buildings/properties. ALTERNATIVE 3 Wet floodproof floodway buildings/properties. ALTERNATIVE 4 Dry floodproof floodway buildings/properties. ALTERNATIVE 5 Dredge/widen the Cass River to increase water flow. ALTERNATIVE 6 â€Å"Relocate† the Cass River by altering its present course. ALTERNATIVE 7 Build a floodwall or dike levee to protect floodway buildings/properties. ALTERNATIVE 8 Join the National Flood Insurance Program to provide limited financial relief for flood victims. ALTERNATIVE 9 Do nothing and absorb flood losses as they occur. One of the alternatives that should be included in your communitys assessments is a do nothing alternative, such as the last item in the table above. An alternative of this kind will help people understand the current risks from the hazard, and the need to take action of some kind to mitigate the impacts of that hazard. In some cases, people may need some ideas with which to propose alternatives that may help mitigate local hazards. On the following pages is an extensive list of mitigation strategies for the many hazards that have been identified in the state of Michigan. To continue reading about the hazard mitigation planning process, turn to page 84. 73 2/03 POSSIBLE MITIGATION STRATEGIES – BY HAZARD Each hazard has a list of associated mitigation strategies. In front of each strategy are boldface letters that represent specific groups or organizations that are pertinent to implementing the described mitigation-related activity. Up to three categories are listed for each mitigation strategy. Here is a list of the code letters and what they refer to: B Business owners managers (including site developers and builders and government administrators whose activities are similarly associated with the selection, design, and operation of specific sites performing economic or community functions) C Public Citizens and those who provide educational services or marketing campaigns to them E Emergency management coordinators and related persons (LEPCs, incident commanders, etc. F First-responders (law enforcement, fire fighters, medical services, other response services at all levels) I Insurance agencies industry, including the NFIP L Elected officials and Legislators N Non-profit organizations and government departments which support them or have similar concerns (welfare provision, environmental protection, etc. ) O Building Officials and other inspection, regulation, and code enforcement Officials (health, fire, e tc. P Planning departments, consultants, officials, engineers, and others involved in similar activities guiding long-term development patterns and conditions in a community, a larger area, or at development sites R Researchers, engineers, architects, etc. involved in the study and design of human environments and support infrastructure; also includes public works, utility providers, and others dealing with infrastructure design, development and maintenance (Road Commissioners, Drain Commissioners, etc. Civil Disturbances (prison or institutional rebellions, disruptive political gatherings, violent labor disputes, urban protests or riots, or large-scale uncontrolled festivities) E, F B, F, R E, F B, P Law enforcement training, staffing, and resource provision. Incident anticipation and planning, and video documentation of events for later study and use. Local law enforcement mutual aid, and support from the Michigan State Police and National Guard. It is possible that design, manage ment, integration, and lowered density of poor or blighted areas may reduce vandalism, crime, and some types of riot events. Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) is a field of planning that deals with this. B, C, I Insure structures and property in risky areas. B, E Developing site emergency plans for schools, factories, office buildings, shopping malls, hospitals, correctional facilities, stadiums, recreation areas, and other appropriate sites. O, P Design requirements for schools, factories, office buildings, shopping malls, hospitals, correctional facilities, stadiums, recreation areas, etc. that take into consideration emergency and security needs. Drought R L B, C R P, R B, C, I Storage of water for use in drought events (especially for human needs during extreme temperatures). Measures or ordinances to prioritize or control water use (especially when needed to fight fires). Encouragement of water-saving measures by consumers (especially during irrigation and farming). Anticipation of potential drought conditions, and preparation of drought contingency plans. Designs and plans for water delivery systems that include a consideration of drought events. Obtaining agricultural insurance. Earthquakes – (biggest Michigan threats would be to pipelines, buildings that are poorly designed and constructed, and shelving, furniture, mirrors, gas cylinders, etc. within structures that could fall and cause injury or personal property damage) L, O B, C B, C, I P, R C Adopt and enforce appropriate building codes. Use of safe interior designs and furniture arrangements. Obtain insurance. Harden critical infrastructure systems to meet seismic design standards for lifelines. Encourage residents to develop a Family Disaster Plan which includes the preparation of a Disaster Supplies Kit. Extreme Temperatures C, L, N Organizing outreach to vulnerable populations during periods of extreme temperatures, including establishing and building awareness of accessible heating and/or cooling centers in the community, and other public information campaigns about this hazard. C, E, L Increased coverage and use of NOAA Weather Radio. 74 2/03 L, O Housing/l andlord codes enforcing heating requirements. C, L, N Special arrangements for payment of heating bills. Fire Hazards Scrap Tire Fires B, L, O Policies for regulated disposal and management of scrap tires, and enforcement of regulations related to them (separation of stored scrap tires from other materials; limits on the size of each pile; minimum distances between piles and property lines; covering, chemically treating, or shredding tires to limit mosquito breeding; providing for fire vehicle access to scrap tire piles; training employees in emergency response operations; installation of earthen berms around storage areas; prevention of pools of standing water in the area; control of nearby vegetation; an emergency plan posted on the property; storing only the permitted volume of tires authorized for that site). P Proper siting of tire storage and processing facilities (land use planning that recognizes scrap tire sites as a real hazard and environmental threat). E, F Local awareness of scrap tire risk, training and preparedness of responders. F Law enforcement to prevent illegal dumpi ng of tires at the site. B Pest-control measures for mosquitoes and other nuisances around scrap tire yards. Structural Fires L, O Code existence and enforcement. B, R Designs that include the use of firewalls and sprinkler systems (especially in tall buildings, dormitories, attached structures, and special facilities). C Public education and school programs (especially about the use of stoves, heaters, fireworks, matches/lighters, etc. ) B, C, O Landlords and families can install and maintain smoke detectors and fire extinguishers. Install a smoke alarm on each level of homes (to be tested monthly, with the batteries changed twice each year). Family members and residents should know how to use a fire extinguisher. B, C, O Proper installation and maintenance of heating systems (especially those requiring regular cleaning, those using hand-loaded fuels such as wood, or using concentrated fuels such as liquid propane). B, C Safe and responsible use of electric and space heaters (placed at least 3 feet from objects, with space near hot elements free of combustibles). B, E Developing site emergency plans for schools, factories, office buildings, shopping malls, hospitals, correctional facilities, stadiums, and recreation areas, and other appropriate sites. C Safe use and maintenance/cleaning of fireplaces and chimneys (with the use of spark arresters and proper storage of flammable items). Residents should inspect chimneys at least twice a year and clean them at least once a year. C Posting of fire emergency telephone numbers in accessible places. B, C, O Safe installation, maintenance, and use of electrical outlets and wiring. C Education and practice of safe cigarette handling and disposal (also candles, fireworks, campfires, holiday lights) L, O, P Measures to reduce urban blight and associated arson (including CPTED? ). B, F, O Proper workplace procedures, training and exercising, and handling of explosive and flammable materials and substances. B, C, O Pre-planned escape routes and fire alert responses. E, F Improved and continuing training for emergency responders, and provision of equipment for them. B, C, O Defensible space around structures in fire-prone wildland areas. F, R Proper maintenance of power lines, and efficient response to fallen power lines. B, P, R Transportation planning that provides roads, overpasses, etc. o maximize access and improve emergency response times, and evacuation potential, for all inhabited or developed areas of a community (not just designing for the minimum amount of road capacity to handle normal traffic volumes in the community. ) This includes transportation acce ss within developed sites (shopping malls, stadiums, office commercial parking lots, etc. ) E, F Control of civil disturbances and criminal activities that could lead to arson. B, C, F Enforced fireworks regulations. C, F Elimination of clandestine methamphetamine laboratories through law enforcement and public education. B, C Condominium-type associations for maintaining safety in attached housing/building units or multi-unit structures. B, C, I Obtaining insurance. C Encourage residents to develop a Family Disaster Plan which includes the preparation of a Disaster Supplies Kit. Wildfires B, C, O Proper maintenance of property in or near wildland areas (including short grass; thinned trees and removal of lowhanging branches; selection of fire-resistant vegetation; use of fire resistant roofing and building materials; use of functional shutters on windows; keeping flammables such as curtains securely away from windows or using heavy fire-resistant drapes; creating and maintaining a buffer zone (defensible space) between structures and adjacent wild lands; use of the fire departments home safety inspections; sweeping/cleaning dead or dry leaves, needles, 75 2/03 B, C, L B, F, N C C C C B, C B, C, N C R F, R E, F N, P, R B, C, L F, L, O E, L B, N, R B, N, P B, C, O B, C, R B, C B, C B, C, O B, C, P F, P, R B, C, I C, I C, E, L wigs, and combustibles from roofs, decks, eaves, porches, and yards; keeping woodpiles and other combustibles away from structures; use of boxed or enclosed eaves on house; thorough cleaning-up of spilled flammable fluids; and keeping gar age areas protected from blowing embers). Safe disposal of yard and house waste rather than through open burning. Use of fire spotters, towers, planes. Keep handy household items that can be used as fire tools; a rake, axe, hand/chainsaw, bucket and shovel. Install and maintain smoke detectors and fire extinguishers. Install a smoke alarm on each floor of buildings and homes. Test monthly and change the batteries two times each year. Teach family members how to use the fire extinguisher. Post fire emergency telephone numbers. Organizing neighborhood wildfire safety coalitions (to plan how the neighborhood could work together to prevent a wildfire). Residents should plan several escape routes away from their homes by car and by foot. Use of structural fire mitigation systems such as interior and exterior sprinklers, smoke detectors, and fire extinguishers. Arson prevention activities, including reduction of blight (cleaning up areas of abandoned or collapsed structures, accumulated junk or debris, and with any history of flammable substances stored, spilled, or dumped on them). Public education on smoking hazards and recreational fires. Proper maintenance and separation of power lines. Ask the power company to clear branches from power lines. Efficient response to fallen power lines. Training and exercises for response personnel. GIS mapping of vegetative coverage, for use in planning decisions and analyses through comparison with topography, zoning, developments, infrastructure, etc. Media broadcasts of fire weather and fire warnings. Create and enforce local ordinances that require burn permits and restrict campfires and outdoor burning. Mutual aid pacts with neighboring communities. Prescribed burns and fuel management (thinning of flammable vegetation, possibly including selective logging to thin out some areas. Fuels cleared can be given away as firewood or chipped into wood chips for distribution. The creation of fuel breaks (areas where the spread of wildfires will be slowed or stopped due to removal of fuels, or the use of fire-retardant materials/vegetation) in high-risk forest or other areas. Keeping roads and driveways accessible to vehicles and fire equipment—driveways should be relatively straight and flat, with at least some open spaces to turn, bridges that can support emergency vehicles, and clearance wide and high enough for two-way traffic and emergency vehicle access (spare keys to gates around property should be provided to the local fire department, and an address should be visible from the road so homes can be located quickly). Enclosing the foundations of homes and buildings rather than leaving them open and the underside exposed to blown embers or materials. Safe use and maintenance/cleaning of fireplaces and chimneys (with the use of spark arresters and emphasis on proper storage of flammable items). Residents should be encouraged to inspect chimneys at least twice a year and clean them at least once a year. Proper maintenance and storage of motorized equipment that could catch on fire. Proper storage and use of flammables, including the use of flammable substances (such as when fueling machinery). Store gasoline, oily rags and other flammable materials in approved safety cans. Stack firewood at least 100 feet away and uphill from homes. Avoid building structures on hilltop locations, where they will be at greater risk from wildfires (in addition, hillsides facing south or west are more vulnerable to increased dryness and heat from sun exposure) and use of proper setbacks from slopes (outside of the convection cone of intense heat which would be projected up the slope of the hill as a wildfire climbs it). Have adequate water supplies for emergency fire fighting (in accordance with NFPA standards). For residents, identify and maintain an adequate outside water source such as a small pond, cistern, well, swimming pool or hydrant; have a garden hose that is long enough to reach any area of the home and other structures on the property; install freeze-proof exterior water outlets on at least two sides of the home and near other structures on the property. Install additional outlets at least 50 feet from the home; consider obtaining a portable gasoline powered pump in case electrical power is cut off. Obtaining insurance. Including wildfire safety information in materials provided by insurance companies to area residents. When Wildfire threatens, residents should be instructed to carry and listen to battery-operated radios for reports and evacuation information, and follow the instructions given by local officials. Cars should be backed into garages or parked in an open space facing the direction of escape, with doors and windows closed and the key in the ignition. Garage windows and doors should be closed but left unlocked. If residents have time, they can take steps to protect their homes by closing windows, vents, doors, venetian blinds and heavy drapes; removing 76 2/03 ightweight curtains; shutting off gas at the meter; turning off pilot lights; opening fireplace damper; closing fireplace screens; moving flammable furniture into the center of the home away from windows and sliding-glass doors; and turning on a light in each room to increase the visibility of homes in heavy smoke. Outside, residen ts can seal attic and ground vents with pre-cut plywood or commercial seals, turn off propane tanks, place combustible patio furniture inside, connect the garden hose to outside taps, set up a portable gasoline-powered pump, place lawn sprinklers on the roof and near above-ground fuel tanks, wet the roof, wet or remove shrubs within 15 feet of the home, and gather fire tools. C, E, L Residents should be instructed on proper evacuation procedures, such as wearing protective clothing (sturdy shoes, cotton or woolen clothing, long pants, a long-sleeved shirt, gloves and a handkerchief to protect the face); taking a Disaster Supplies Kit; and choosing a route away from fire hazards. C Encourage residents to develop a Family Disaster Plan

Euthanasia and Biomedical Ethics Essays

Euthanasia and Biomedical Ethics Essays Euthanasia and Biomedical Ethics Essay Euthanasia and Biomedical Ethics Essay Question 1 To first do no harm is the Hippocratic Oath often taken by healthcare professionals around the globe; however, the subject of active versus passive euthanasia to allow chronically ill patients the right to die with dignity has sparked moral controversy among world-renowned philosophers for decades. James Rachels, Winston Nesbitt, and Roy W. Perrett are just three philosophers who wrote and spoke openly about the topic of euthanasia and biomedical ethics. Rachels and Perrett were adamant in their belief that the moral distinction between killing (active euthanasia) and allowing to die (passive euthanasia) was nonexistent. Rachels felt strongly that one was no worse than the other and that statements by the American Medical Association to support one method over the other should be eliminated. Perrett agreed and added that death by either commission or omission opposes the preservation of human life. In the example of the bathtub case, Smith and Jones are both two greedy men who stand to gain a large sum of money once their nephew passes away. In Scenario A, Smith decides to drown the child and make it seem like an accident. In Scenario B, Jones sees the child drowning after hitting his head and accidentally falling into the tub but does nothing but stand by and watch. According to the philosophy of Rachels and Perrett, both were irresponsible and morally reprehensible acts, and the end result was the same†¦death. Finally, in numerous published articles Rachels even went on to say that while they can be assessed the same, the act of killing was in fact often more humane than allowing someone to suffer a slow demise due to lack of treatment or failure to render aid. In direct contrast to the aforementioned beliefs, philosopher Winston Nesbitt disagreed with the two men. He argued that killing is indeed worse than allowing one to die. According to Nesbitt, the moral distinction lies within the issues of motive and intent. In the example of the two bathtub scenarios, Nesbitt would agree that both men are liable, but it is Smith (not Jones) who deliberately went into the room with the intent to kill for financial gain. While I have mixed feelings about the legalization of euthanasia, I must agree with Nesbitt; if I were a wealthy woman on my way home with a large sum of money, I would much rather be alone on the elevator with Jones versus Smith who is tantamount to an armed robber who walks into a bank prepared to commit capital murder out of sheer greed. Question 2 Another controversial quote that has been repeated throughout the ages is that all is fair in love and war, but is it really? Many philosophers, both traditional and contemporary, oppose the use of military operations that take the lives of innocent civilians who pose no threat to soldiers or society; two of the most noted are Robert Fullinwider and Lawrence A. Alexander. Fullinwider first spoke on the issue in 1975 when he wrote that there is no justification for killing innocent civilians even in times of war. Fullinwider believed whole-heartedly that some traditional methods of military combat, such as bombing an entire community to kill an intended target, is no different than terrorism that many claim to oppose. His argument is that killing noncombatants who are unarmed and pose no threat should not be looked upon as self-defense. In the gambling scenario of Smith and Jones, Smith finds himself deeply indebted to the mob due to a gambling addiction; the mob knows he owes more than he can pay. The mob then offers Smith a deal. His debt will be cleared, and he and his family will be safe if he kills Jones, an innocent district attorney. Smith may not agree with the killing, but to keep both he and his family safe, he opens fire. The fact, according to Fullinwider, is that this is still not self-defense. Smith has no right to kill Jones, and the mob has no right to kill Smith even though he owes them money. However, when Jones returns fire and kills Smith, he is covered by self-defense because Smith was armed and an immediate threat to his personal safety. Lawrence Alexander’s reformation of self-defense argues that not only is Smith a threat to Jones, but the mob is a more ever-present threat because they ordered the killing. According to his philosophy, if given the opportunity, Jones is morally justified to kill the members of the mob in lieu of Smith since they are promoting a murder under duress. In doing so, not only would Jones save his own life, but Smith and his family would be safe as well. This case is quite controversial. I do not agree that if Smith had killed Jones to save his family it would have been self defense. Smith foolishly agreed to place himself and his family in direct harm in order to feed a gambling addiction; this has nothing to do with killing an innocent man to save himself or his family. Question 3 Perhaps no pro-life subject is more controversial than the issue of abortion. There are as many sides to this issue as there are people. Two philosophers who have published articles defending their stance on abortion are Judith Thompson and Francis J. Beckwith. In her article â€Å"Defense of Abortion† Judith Jarvis Thompson supports a woman’s right to choose and raises the question that even if the fetus is a living human being, how much of a sacrifice is one human required to make in order to save another. Her scenario is that if someone were attached to a famous violinist who would surely die without use of the other person’s body parts for survival, yes it would be kind of them to agree to stay connected for nine months, but it is not his or her moral obligation. She concedes that the pro-life argument is more comprehendible if a woman willing engages in unprotected sex and conceives a baby; she in essence bears some responsibility for the fetus needing her body to stay alive. Thompson believes that the pro-life argument becomes weak in the face of rape cases where the female herself is an innocent victim and had no intention of being violated and becoming a parent. In these cases the female victim should most certainly be given the choice to abort. Francis J. Beckwith countered Thompson with at least four arguments. One, not all moral obligations are voluntary. If two people engage in a voluntary act that they know could very well produce a child, then they should be held accountable for their actions. Two, Beckwith feels that Thompson’s argument is fatal to family morals and that there are some obligations that parents have to offspring that they do not have to a complete stranger or a ‘famous violinist. Third, the case of the violinist was artificial and had nothing to do with the natural attachment or realistic human development. Finally, Francis J. Beckwith believes that abortion is indeed the removal and killing of a living fetus and not just merely withholding of medical treatment. She goes on to state that just as it is illegal to starve a child after birth, so should it be to cut the child off from its source of life beforehand. While both authors have valid points, my personal belief is that _.

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 39

Case Study - Essay Example Hence, training will make him learn how to stay composed and calm when he faces a stressor, and he will prove to be confident and solemn. Don should also encourage Gary to focus on his strengths and shine his capabilities that he has, through practicing them. 2. It is all about employee development. Employee development is a kind of strategy that employers adopt to increase employees’ knowledge, talents, and expertise in particular areas they work in. It is important for Don to create a balance between Gary’s individual career objectives and organizational milestones, in order to make him achieve employee development. Don should use techniques of training, coaching and empowerment (Ellinger at al.) to enhance Gary’s development as a leader. Employee development activities that Don should use include: (1) stress-coping training courses in work time, (2) work-based development activity in work time, (3) career planning activity in work time or in Gary’s own time, and (4) voluntary learning in Gary’s own time (Birdi, Allan and Warr). All of these development activities will produce beneficial results and commitment to work. If Don is training Gary himself, then the training aids that he can use include: pr esentations, slides, projectors, movies, charts, graphs, flash cards, pictograms, handbooks, manuals, libraries, internet, reading rooms, posters, and enlarged drawings. 3. Certain techniques help employees to bring out their leadership skills and learn new one. For example, teamwork creates such an environment in which employees can learn new leadership skills and competencies (Gallie et al.). This is because the employer distributes tasks on multi-functional basis, requiring different people with different skill sets. This system of work organization requires employees to work on a collaborative platform on

International corporate reporting issues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International corporate reporting issues - Essay Example Literally, the differences in the financial reporting system in varying countries have acted as an obstacle in the integration of national economy with global economy (Verschoor, 2011; Alexander, Britton & Jorissen, 2007). Thus, in order to deal with these challenges, IASB and FASB together have been duly engaged in promoting harmonization of financial reporting systems (Whittington, 2008; Mogul, 2003). Emphasising on these aspects of the international accounting standards, this paper intends to identify and explain the six major qualitative characteristics of accounting information. Furthermore, this paper aims to evaluate the application of these qualitative characteristics by Diageo plc focusing on three particular areas. ... The institutions in the accounting standards namely International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) and Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) have been involved in developing conceptual framework for enhancing the financial reporting system. The primary objective of this conceptual framework has been related with identifying the major purpose of financial reporting in business in accordance with the prevailing economic circumstances (Obaidat, 2007). In other words, the conceptual framework developed in accumulation of the principles specified by IASB and FASB deals with establishing objectives and guidelines which are expected to serve as the basis for the preparation of financial accounting and reporting standards. It is worth mentioning that conceptual framework mainly consists of four major items which includes: Objectives related with financial reporting Elements concerning with financial statements Recognition and measurement concepts Qualitative characteristics of accountin g information Additionally qualitative characteristics are considered to be one of the vital components of the conceptual framework that supports decision-usefulness and stewardship. Moreover, there are six primary qualitative characteristics that are considered to be vital for economic as well as business decision making according to the specified guidelines in the international standard (Obaidat, 2007). These six elements of qualitative characteristics have been further explained below in relation to their usefulness in terms of decision making and stewardship. Relevance In order to ensure the obtained accounting information to be relevant to creditors, investors and other interested parties, it has been argued that such accounting information